Alcohol and Implicit Process in Sexual Risk Behavior in MSM

MSM 性危险行为中的酒精和内隐过程

• 批准号: 9269425
• 负责人: STEPHEN A MAISTO
• 金额: $ 6.41万
• 依托单位: SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-20 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9269425
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Address; Affect; Affective; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Behavior; Behavioral; Beverages; Blood alcohol level measurement; Brain; Clinical Psychology; Cognition; Computers; Consumption; Contracts; Coupled; Decision Making; Development; Dimensions; Dose; Effectiveness of Interventions; Environment; Evaluation; Event; Foundations; Future; HIV; HIV risk; Health; Heating; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Intoxication; Judgment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Motivation; Participant; Personal Satisfaction; Placebo Control; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevention; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Research; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Self-control as a personality trait; Short-Term Memory; Social Psychology; Stimulus; Structure; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Water; analog; approach behavior; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; conditioning; design; developmental psychology; executive function; experience; high risk; high risk sexual behavior; improved; innovation; men who have sex with men; novel; research study; response; sex; sex risk; sexual risk taking; simulation; skills; therapy design

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal focuses on two aims of PA-11-006: Substance Use and Abuse, Risky Decision Making and HIV/AIDS: 1) How does substance use shift the contribution of explicit (effortful) versus implicit (automatic) processes in decision-making about HIV-risk behavior, and 2) How do laboratory methods and simulations relate to real world risky behavior? The study incorporates an innovative pairing of an alcohol administration experiment with a subsequent experience sampling (ESM) study to test the external validity of the laboratory results. Interventions designed to reduce HIV risk behavior frequently focus on educating people about risks, increasing their motivation to avoid risks, and improving skills congruent with healthy choice. However, there are considerable gaps in knowledge about the processes involved in risky choice "during the heat of the moment." Incorporating research on automatic processes, implicit cognition, and associative memory into the study and prevention of health risk behaviors is an important and largely unrealized opportunity for improving public health (Stacy et al., 2010). Automatic evaluations and approach biases can be successfully retrained via conditioning, resulting in corresponding changes in behavior (Chen & Bargh, 1999; Houben et al., 2010; Wiers et al., 2010). Research in diverse fields supports a dual-process model of self-control. Such models posit that self-control consists of two dimensions, a fast acting, reflexive, "automatic" dimension and a slower acting, deliberative or effortful dimension (Lieberman, 2007; Wiers et al., 2007). Automatic, reflexive, control emphasizes affective processes, while the effortful control dimension may consist largely of higher-order "executive" control processes (Lieberman, 2007). Risky sexual behavior may result when the strength of automatic approach behaviors exceeds the strength of deliberative cognitive control processes. The proposed experimental study seeks to improve understanding of the role of alcohol, implicit processes, and effortful control in risky sexual choice in men who have sex with men (MSM). We propose that alcohol intoxication increases the strength of relatively automatic approach biases toward sexual stimuli while simultaneously decreasing the role of more deliberative decision-making processes controlled by executive brain functions. This shift toward more implicit or automatic processes coupled with the decreased role of explicit decision- making processes increases the likelihood of sexual risk behavior and potentially limits the effectiveness of interventions that focus solely on explicit processes to promote behavioral change. The long-term aim of this research is explicating processes occurring in the "heat of the moment" when an individual's better judgment seems conspicuously absent and the drive for immediate gratification peaks. The proposed study will lay a foundation for innovative approaches to treatment that address both automatic and effortful processes to reduce sexual risk behavior in MSM.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案重点介绍PA-11-006的两个目标：使用和滥用，风险的决策和HIV/AIDS：1）在决策中，对HIV风险行为的决策和2）如何与实验室方法和仿真行为相关的明显（努力）与隐式（自动）与隐范的贡献（努力）与隐性（自动）的贡献？该研究结合了酒精管理实验的创新配对与随后的经验抽样（ESM）研究，以测试实验室结果的外部有效性。旨在减少艾滋病毒风险行为的干预措施通常集中于教育人们有关风险的教育，增加避免风险的动力，并提高与健康选择一致的技能。但是，关于“在当下的热量”中，关于风险选择涉及的过程的知识有很大的差距。将自动过程，隐性认知和联想记忆的研究纳入研究和预防健康风险行为是改善公共卫生的重要机会（Stacy等，2010）。自动评估和方法偏见可以通过调节成功地重新训练，从而导致行为的相应变化（Chen＆Bargh，1999; Houben等，2010; Wiers等，2010）。不同领域的研究支持自我控制的双过程模型。这样的模型认为，自我控制是由两个维度组成的，一个快速的表演，反身，“自动”维度和较慢的表演，审议或努力的维度（Lieberman，2007; Wiers等，2007）。自动，反思性的控制强调情感过程，而努力的控制维度可能主要由高阶“执行”控制过程组成（Lieberman，2007）。当自动方法行为的强度超过审议认知控制过程的强度时，可能会导致风险的性行为。拟议的实验研究旨在提高人们对酒精，隐性过程的作用以及在风险性选择中的努力控制的男性中的理解 与男人发生性关系（MSM）。我们建议，酒精中毒会增加相对自动方法对性刺激的强度，同时降低了由执行大脑功能控制的更审议的决策过程的作用。朝着更隐含或自动过程的转变，加上明确决策过程的下降，增加了性风险行为的可能性，并可能限制了仅关注明确过程以促进行为改变的干预措施的有效性。这项研究的长期目的是阐明在个人的更好判断似乎明显缺乏的“当下热量”中发生的过程，并驱动了立即满足的峰值。拟议的研究将为创新的治疗方法奠定基础，以解决自动和努力的过程，以减少MSM的性风险行为。