Ubiquitin-dependent regulation of inflammation and insulin resistance

描述（由申请人提供）：肥胖相关炎症被认为是导致2型糖尿病和其他代谢紊乱的胰岛素抵抗发展的关键因素。然而，抑制炎症是否是治疗胰岛素抵抗的好方法的关键问题仍然是开放的。我们的长期目标是研究内源性调节机制，以防止脂肪组织中炎症反应的过度激活，并了解钝化炎症是否可能在维持胰岛素敏感性方面部分起反作用。其基本原理是，虽然促炎细胞因子的有害作用是众所周知的，但炎症可能具有通常被忽视的有益作用。G蛋白通路抑制因子2（GPS 2）是一种转录辅因子，是泛素信号转导的抑制因子，在脂肪组织中起重要的抗炎作用。该提案旨在：i）利用aP 2-GPS 2小鼠模型来剖析在肥胖诱导的胰岛素抵抗的背景下抑制炎症的相反作用; ii）揭示GPS 2转录作用的分子机制作为一种新型的PPARγ共激活剂。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了三个目标：具体目标1将表征aP 2-GPS 2转基因小鼠的代谢和炎症表型，并研究GPS 2介导的抑制脂肪细胞和巨噬细胞中的炎症反应损害脂肪组织的储存能力并诱导异位脂肪沉积的假设。具体目标2将剖析GPS 2介导的脂肪因子基因转录调控的分子机制，并广泛评估GPS 2作为脂肪细胞转录辅激活因子的相关性。具体目标3将阐明GPS 2介导的炎症反应通过抑制特定的泛素机制的调节的结构基础。总体而言，拟议的研究将有助于全面了解抑制炎症反应对调节脂肪组织稳态和异位脂肪积累的影响，并将确定GPS 2转录作用的分子和结构基础，作为核受体PPARγ的新型共激活因子。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Obesity-associated inflammation is recognized as a critical factor in the development of insulin resistance leading to Type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders. However, the critical question of whether inhibiting inflammation is a good approach in the attempt to treat insulin resistance remains open. Our long-term goal is to investigate the endogenous regulatory mechanisms geared toward prevention of hyper-activation of inflammatory responses in the adipose tissue and to understand whether blunting inflammation may be partially counterproductive in maintaining insulin sensitivity. The rationale being that while the detrimental effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines are well known, there may be beneficial effects of inflammation that have been generally overlooked. G-protein Pathway Suppressor 2 (GPS2) is a transcriptional cofactor and an inhibitor of ubiquitin signaling playing an important anti-inflammatory role in the adipose tissue. This proposal is designed to: i) take advantage of the aP2-GPS2 mouse model to dissect the opposing effects of inhibiting inflammation in the context of obesity-induced insulin resistance; ii) uncover the molecular mechanism of GPS2 transcriptional actions as a novel coactivator of PPARγ. To address these questions, we propose three Aims: Specific Aim 1 will characterize the metabolic and inflammatory phenotype of the aP2-GPS2 transgenic mice and investigate the hypothesis that GPS2- mediated inhibition of inflammatory responses in adipocytes and macrophages impairs the storage capacity of the adipose tissue and induce ectopic fat deposition. Specific Aim 2 will dissect the molecular mechanism of GPS2-mediated transcriptional regulation of the adipokine gene resistin and broadly assess the relevance of GPS2 as a transcriptional coactivator in adipocytes. Specific Aim 3 will elucidate the structural basis of GPS2-mediated regulation of inflammatory responses via inhibition of specific ubiquitin machineries. Overall, the proposed studies will contribute significantly to the general understanding of the effects of inhibiting inflammatory responses on the regulation of the adipose tissue homeostasis and ectopic fat accumulation, and will define the molecular and structural basis of GPS2 transcriptional actions as a novel coactivator for the nuclear receptor PPARγ.