5/5-Cognitive Neuroscience Task Reliability & Clinical Applications Consortium

5/5-认知神经科学任务可靠性

• 批准号: 9095443
• 负责人: ANGUS W MACDONALD
• 金额: $ 22.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-30 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9095443
• 关键词: Activities of Daily Living; Address; Affective; Anhedonia; Behavior; Behavioral; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Clinical; Clinical Trials; Cognition; Cognitive; Complement; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Data Collection; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Disease; Dorsal; Emotional; Ensure; Feedback; Floor; Funding; Future; Goals; Gold; Health; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Learning; Length; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Maintenance; Major Mental Illness; Measures; Modification; Mood Disorders; Moods; National Institute of Mental Health; Negative Reinforcements; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parietal; Participant; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Perception; Performance; Positive Reinforcements; Positive Valence; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Psychometrics; Psychopathology; Psychotic Disorders; Psychotic Mood Disorders; Recruitment Activity; Recurrence; Research Domain Criteria; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Resources; Retrieval; Reversal Learning; Sampling; Schizoaffective Disorders; Schizophrenia; Sensitivity and Specificity; Short-Term Memory; Site; Strategic Planning; Stream; Support System; Symptoms; System; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; base; clinical application; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive system; course development; effective therapy; functional disability; functional outcomes; insight; interest; meetings; phenomenological models; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; reward circuitry; reward processing; theories; therapy development; tool; working group

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Clinical neuroscience is on the verge of a revolution. Traditional conceptualizations of disorders based on phenomenology are increasingly recognized as limited, but we have lacked a clear path toward a more valid approach. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative has identified one such pathway; the examination of components of behavior linked to known neural systems that form the basis of core dimensions of psychopathology. This competing renewal will provide new insights into the cognitive and emotional processes underlying core symptom dimensions in major mental illness and provide a new set of valid and reliable tools to facilitate the aims of RDoC and Objective 1.4 of the NIMH Strategic Plan: "Develop new ways of classifying disorders based on dimensions of observable behaviors and brain functions." This application will utilize the CNTRaC's infrastructure and expertise to optimize measures of WM capacity, positive and negative reinforcement learning (both implicit and explicit) and reversal learning, and then apply them together with previously validated measures. Specific Aim 1 is to validate (in individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder, as well as comparison participants) optimized versions of the paradigms that assess our six constructs of interest, as well as to examine the relationship of task performance to clinical and functional outcomes in psychosis. Specific Aim 2 will be to assess and optimize test-retest reliability and practice effects for the task versions validated in Specific Aim 1. Specific Aim 3 will be to use these optimized measures of working memory capacity and reinforcement learning, along with our previously optimized measures of WM goal maintenance, relational encoding and retrieval, and visual integration to examine the relationship between performance on these measures of core constructs and dimensions of psychopathology across diagnoses (including medicated and un-medicated individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders, as well as individuals with bipolar disorder). We hypothesize that impairments in the dorsal frontal- parietal and frontal-temporal systems supporting WM (capacity and goal maintenance) and relational encoding/retrieval contribute to disorganization symptoms and functional impairment and that these impairments and relationships cut across affective and non-affective disorder boundaries, forming a core dimension that helps explain the overlap in function and neurobiology across disorders. We also hypothesize that impairments in orbital frontal-striatal systems supporting reinforcement and reversal learning contribute to the negative symptoms of anhedonia/amotivation, which also cut across diagnostic boundaries. However, we hypothesize that anhedonia/amotivation may involve different aspects of reward processing and circuitry in primary mood versus non-mood disorders with our selection of measures motivated to test this hypothesis. We hypothesize that impaired visual integration, which is thought to reflect reduced horizontal and recurrent feedback, will be related to disorganized symptoms across disorders, but will not relate to mood pathology.

描述（由申请人提供）：临床神经科学正处于一场革命的边缘。基于现象学的传统疾病概念化越来越被认为是有限的，但我们缺乏通向更有效方法的明确途径。研究领域标准 (RDoC) 倡议已经确定了这样一条途径：对与已知神经系统相关的行为组成部分进行检查，这些神经系统构成了精神病理学核心维度的基础。这一竞争性的更新将为主要精神疾病核心症状维度的认知和情感过程提供新的见解，并提供一套新的有效和可靠的工具，以促进 RDoC 和 NIMH 战略计划目标 1.4 的目标：“根据可观察行为和大脑功能的维度开发对疾病进行分类的新方法。”该应用程序将利用 CNRaC 的基础设施和专业知识来优化 WM 能力、正向和负向强化学习（隐性和显性）以及逆转学习的测量，然后将它们与先前验证的测量一起应用。具体目标 1 是验证（在患有精神分裂症、分裂情感性障碍和双相情感障碍的个体以及比较参与者中）评估我们感兴趣的六种结构的范式的优化版本，以及检查精神病中任务表现与临床和功能结果的关系。具体目标 2 将是评估和优化在具体目标 1 中验证的任务版本的重测可靠性和实践效果。具体目标 3 将是使用这些优化的工作记忆容量和强化学习测量，以及我们之前优化的 WM 目标维护、关系编码和检索以及视觉集成测量，以检查这些核心结构测量的表现与跨诊断（包括药物和非药物治疗）的精神病理学维度之间的关系。 患有精神分裂症和分裂情感障碍的个体，以及患有双相情感障碍的个体）。我们假设支持WM（能力和目标维持）和关系编码/检索的背侧额顶叶和额颞叶系统的损伤导致了组织紊乱症状和功能损伤，并且这些损伤和关系跨越了情感和非情感障碍的界限，形成了一个核心维度，有助于解释跨疾病的功能和神经生物学的重叠。我们还假设，支持强化和逆转学习的眼眶额叶纹状体系统的损伤会导致快感缺失/动机缺失的阴性症状，这也跨越了诊断界限。然而，我们假设快感缺失/动机缺失可能涉及初级情绪与非情绪障碍中奖励处理和回路的不同方面，我们选择的措施旨在检验这一假设。我们假设视觉整合受损（被认为反映了水平和循环反馈的减少）将与各种疾病的紊乱症状有关，但与情绪病理无关。