Emotion, Aging, and Decision Making

情绪、衰老和决策

• 批准号: 9059559
• 负责人: Joseph A Mikels
• 金额: $ 33.1万
• 依托单位: DE PAUL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-30 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9059559
• 关键词: Adherence; Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Aging; Arousal; Attention; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Cognition; Cognitive; Decision Making; Eating; Effectiveness; Elderly; Emotional; Emotions; Enrollment; Exercise; Eye; Health; Health Promotion; Health behavior; Human; Individual; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Judgment; Light; Longevity; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Methods; Outcome; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Physical activity; Physiological; Policies; Process; Public Health; Reaction; Recommendation; Research; Risk; Role; To specify; Translating; Work; age difference; age related; behavior change; behavioral outcome; cognitive ability; cognitive process; evidence base; exercise program; experience; improved; information processing; innovation; laboratory experiment; meetings; positive mood; preference; programs; psychologic; research study; success; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Every day we make important health decisions ranging from what we choose to eat to how physically active we choose to be. Such decisions have a dramatic impact on broad health outcomes, especially as we age. For instance, in light of evidence documenting decreased physical activity with advanced age, how can the health promotion decisions of older adults be influenced? Although traditional conceptualizations of decision making have focused heavily on the cognitive, deliberative aspects of decision making, recent perspectives have emphasized the role of emotion in decision making, which may become more prominent in later life. Although older adults experience declines in deliberative psychological processes critical to decision making, they show stability in emotional processes and also show a preference for positive over negative material. These divergent age-related trajectories may then impact how older adults make health-related decisions. In the health domain, one specific way in which behaviors such as exercise are impacted is through message framing. In particular, loss-framed messages that emphasize the negative consequences of not engaging in a behavior are particularly persuasive for behaviors involving risk (e.g., detecting an illness). In contrast, gain-framed messages that emphasize the benefits of engaging in a behavior are particularly effective for promoting preventative behaviors (e.g., exercise). The proposed research will examine the underlying affective and cognitive mechanisms of message framing as applied to exercise in older and younger adults as well as how such messages may influence actual physical activity. Specifically, this research will: (1) explicate how emotional ad cognitive processes underlie age differences in the processing of framed health-related messages, and (2) examine how message framing impacts the exercise engagement, adherence, and maintenance of older adults. These aims will be met first through two laboratory experiments that examine the effects of gain- versus loss-framed messages on the affective reactions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of older and younger adults. In addition, three intervention studies will examine how such message framing impacts the behavior of older adults with respect to an evidence-based fitness program with documented success in improving health and wellbeing, Fit & Strong!. By pursuing these aims, this project promises: to increase our understanding of the role of cognitive and emotional processes in decision making across the adult life span; to better inform prescriptive recommendations for how to best frame certain health messages; and to illustrate the effectiveness of message framing on enhancing the physical activity, health, and cognitive vitality of older adults through a health intervention

描述(由申请者提供)：我们每天都会做出重要的健康决定，从我们选择吃什么到我们选择如何锻炼身体。这样的决定对广泛的健康结果产生了巨大的影响，特别是随着我们年龄的增长。例如，有证据表明，随着年龄的增长，体力活动减少，老年人的健康促进决定如何受到影响？虽然传统的决策概念化主要集中在决策的认知和深思熟虑方面，但最近的观点强调了情绪在决策中的作用，这可能在以后的生活中变得更加突出。尽管老年人在对决策至关重要的深思熟虑的心理过程中经历了衰退，但他们在情绪过程中表现出稳定性，也表现出对积极材料的偏好而不是消极材料。这些与年龄相关的不同轨迹可能会影响老年人做出与健康相关的决定的方式。在健康领域，影响锻炼等行为的一种具体方式是通过信息框架。特别是，强调不参与行为的负面后果的丢失框架消息对于涉及风险的行为(例如，检测到 疾病)。相比之下，强调从事某种行为的好处的以收益为框架的信息对于促进预防性行为(例如，锻炼)特别有效。这项拟议的研究将研究应用于老年人和年轻人锻炼的信息框架潜在的情感和认知机制，以及这些信息可能如何影响实际的体育活动。具体地说，本研究将：(1)阐明情绪广告认知过程是如何影响健康相关框架信息加工的年龄差异的；(2)研究信息框架如何影响老年人的锻炼参与度、忠诚度和维持性。这些目标将首先通过两个实验室实验来实现，这两个实验考察了得失框架信息对老年人和年轻人的情感反应、态度和行为意图的影响。此外，三项干预研究将审查这种信息框架如何影响老年人的行为，涉及一个循证健身计划，该计划在改善健康和福祉方面取得了成功，Fit&Strong！通过追求这些目标，这个项目承诺：增加我们对认知和情绪过程在成人一生中决策过程中作用的理解；更好地为如何最好地构建某些健康信息提供指导性建议；并说明信息框架通过健康干预增强老年人身体活动、健康和认知活力的有效性。