Aging, Emotion Regulation, and Stress

衰老、情绪调节和压力

• 批准号: 9912714
• 负责人: Joseph A Mikels
• 金额: $ 19.27万
• 依托单位: DE PAUL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-15 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9912714
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Alleles; Alzheimer' s Disease; Behavior; Blood Pressure; Buffers; Cardiac Output; Cardiovascular system; Cognitive; Elderly; Emotional; Emotions; Evaluation; Exposure to; Foundations; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Risk; Health; Heart Rate; Impaired cognition; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Laboratories; Life; Link; Literature; Longevity; Measures; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Physical activity; Physiological; Preparation; Process; Recovery; Regulation; Research; Risk; Social Well-Being; Stimulus; Stress; Sum; Task Performances; Testing; Well in self; Work; age difference; age related; apolipoprotein E-4; base; biological adaptation to stress; cognitive function; cognitive performance; emotion dysregulation; emotion regulation; emotional experience; experience; gene function; genetic risk factor; healthy aging; improved; individual variation; innovation; insight; interpersonal conflict; laboratory experiment; positive emotional state; protective effect; response; skills; stress management; stressor; young adult

Project Summary Stress is a common part of daily life, and our ability to regulate our emotions in stressful situations heavily determines our well-being and health. Importantly, emotion regulatory abilities generally improve with age, and relative to earlier parts of the life span, later life is characterized by shifts toward positivity: everyday emotional experience is on the whole filled with less negativity, and the processing of emotional information shifts toward the positive. Given older adults’ general improvement in well- being and emotional health, it may be assumed that older adults are better than younger adults at responding to and regulating stress. Although age-related emotional strengths in later life can improve our responses to some types of stressors (e.g., interpersonal conflict), age-related vulnerabilities may compromise the ability to regulate emotions in other contexts. For instance, declines in deliberative cognitive processing, increased sensitivity to threatening evaluations of cognitive performance, and stress-induced physiological dysregulation may all impact the ability of older adults to regulate stress. This project aims to understand situations under which older adults might non-optimally react to and ineffectively regulate stress, and how to utilize their strengths to mitigate emotional dysregulation under stress. Specifically, this research will: (1) explore adult age differences in emotional and physiological reactivity to and regulation of interpersonal versus cognitively evaluative stressors, (2) demonstrate whether older adults capitalize more on positivity when regulating stress responses than do younger adults, and (3) examine the potential protective effect of emotion regulation in buffering the influence of genetic risk on cognitive functioning. These aims will be met through two laboratory experiments that examine the effects of interpersonal conflict versus cognitively evaluative stressors on emotion regulation and physiological reactivity and recovery (e.g., cardiac output, heart rate, blood pressure) in older and younger adults. In addition, the proposed research will examine how positive contexts (i.e., exposure to positive stimuli) may influence emotional and physiological responsivity and regulation during stressful situations. Given the importance of positive emotions in the context of stress, leveraging age-related positivity to enhance regulatory behaviors has significant implications for healthy aging. Finally, the project will explore whether emotion regulation moderates the effects of deleterious genetic risk factors on cognitive functioning. By pursuing these aims, this project promises to: better inform our understanding of how the strengths and vulnerabilities of advanced age impact our ability to regulate our emotions in different stressful situations, provide insight into how drawing on the strengths of later life may assuage the detrimental effects of stress, and highlight the utility of emotion regulation in protecting against age-related cognitive decline.

项目概要 压力是日常生活中常见的一部分，我们在压力情况下调节情绪的能力 很大程度上决定了我们的福祉和健康。重要的是，情绪调节能力通常 随着年龄的增长而改善，相对于生命周期的早期阶段，晚年生活的特点是转向 积极性：日常情绪体验总体上充满较少的消极性，并且处理过程 情绪信息转向积极。鉴于老年人健康状况普遍改善 的健康和情绪健康，可以假设老年人在以下方面比年轻人更好 应对和调节压力。尽管与年龄相关的情绪强度在以后的生活中可以改善 我们对某些类型的压力源（例如人际冲突）的反应，与年龄相关的脆弱性可能 损害在其他情况下调节情绪的能力。例如，慎重性下降 认知处理，对认知表现的威胁性评估的敏感性增加，以及 压力引起的生理失调可能都会影响老年人调节压力的能力。 该项目旨在了解老年人可能做出非最佳反应的情况，并 无法有效调节压力，以及如何利用自己的优势来缓解情绪失调 压力。具体来说，本研究将：（1）探讨成人在情绪和生理上的年龄差异 对人际压力源与认知评价压力源的反应和调节，(2) 证明 老年人在调节压力反应时是否比年轻人更能利用积极性 成人，以及（3）检查情绪调节在缓冲情绪影响方面的潜在保护作用。 认知功能的遗传风险。这些目标将通过两个实验室实验来实现 检查人际冲突与认知评价压力源对情绪的影响 调节和生理反应和恢复（例如心输出量、心率、血压） 老年人和年轻人。此外，拟议的研究将研究积极的背景（即， 暴露于积极刺激）可能会影响情绪和生理反应和调节 在有压力的情况下。鉴于积极情绪在压力下的重要性， 利用与年龄相关的积极性来加强监管行为对健康具有重大影响 老化。最后，该项目将探讨情绪调节是否可以缓和有害因素的影响 认知功能的遗传风险因素。通过追求这些目标，该项目承诺： 让我们了解高龄的优势和弱点如何影响我们的能力 在不同的压力情况下调节我们的情绪，深入了解如何利用优势 晚年的生活可能会减轻压力的有害影响，并强调情绪调节的效用 防止与年龄相关的认知能力下降。