The chemical ecology of conservation and drug discovery

助理计划3 项目摘要 助理计划3的目标是利用和加深我们对珊瑚礁化学生态的理解 更好地为药物发现提供信息，并提供新的更有效的管理选择 保护和恢复珊瑚礁的多样性和生态功能。我们将与AP 1、2、 以及4对物种施加具有生态意义的胁迫(激活、诱导)，以增强物种或 它们所产生的生物活性代谢物的效力。我们的保护工作将集中在进一步确定 来自底栖生物的化学线索在抑制(海藻)或刺激方面发挥的关键作用 (珊瑚)为恢复受损珊瑚礁而必须定居的珊瑚和鱼类的补充。我们将决定 哪些提示物种是最关键的，鱼类的反应作为营养类群的函数和 分类，以及鱼类和珊瑚是否对相同的一般线索做出反应。与AP2的协作 将尝试确定涉及的一些主要代谢物。我们将扩大我们的实验室和小规模 现场实验，测试我们是否可以在3年内在退化的珊瑚礁上启动100平方米的珊瑚礁恢复 复制珊瑚海岸上的村庄。这将通过去除受抑制的海藻来实现， 添加刺激性珊瑚，两者都是，而且都不是。个体珊瑚的补充、生存和生长将 然后是对新捕获的鱼的身体状况和生长速度的跟踪。规模更大 我们将评估流域规模土地利用模式(本地植被与引进的植被)的影响 红木、甘蔗或油棕榈树)对影响鱼类向邻近珊瑚礁补充的化学线索，以及是否 农作物的负面影响被流经沿海红树林的径流所抵消。如果是的话， 这为保留沿海农业和鱼类提供了一种管理战略。在较小的范围内，我们 将随着时间的推移对珊瑚宿主、其虫黄藻和微生物群进行元转录分析 在珊瑚与化感作用海藻接触后，确定微生物介导的过程在 海藻对珊瑚的负面影响。我们将培养和研究来自健康人群的微生物的作用 对照压力下的珊瑚，测试海藻提取物对珊瑚相关细菌的影响，并评估 共生微生物在化学上保护珊瑚免受微生物病原体的侵害。如果是这样，我们将与AP2合作 进一步研究拮抗作用和涉及的化学物质。

Associate Program 3 Project Summary The goal of Associate Program 3 is to use and further our understanding of the chemical ecology of coral reef organisms to better inform drug discovery and to provide new and more effective management options for conserving and restoring the diversity and ecological function of coral reefs. We will collaborate with APs 1,2, and 4 to apply ecologically meaningful stresses to species (activation, induction) to enhance the diversity or potency of bioactive metabolites they are producing. Our conservation efforts will focus on further determining the critical role that chemical cues from benthic organisms play in suppressing (seaweeds) or stimulating (corals) recruitment of corals and fishes that must colonize for damaged reefs to recover. We will determine which cuing species are most critical, the variance in response of fishes as a function of trophic group and taxonomy, and whether fishes and corals are responding to the same general cues. Collaborations with AP2 will attempt to identify some of the major metabolites involved. We will scale-up our laboratory and small-scale field experiments to test whether we can initiate reef recovery on scales of 100m2 on degraded reefs in 3 replicate villages on the Coral Coast. This will be accomplished via removal of suppressive seaweeds, addition of stimulatory corals, both, and neither. The recruitment, survival and growth of individual corals will then be followed as will the physical condition and growth rates of newly recruiting fishes. At still larger scales we will evaluate the influence of water-shed scale land use patterns (native vegetation vs introduced mahogany, sugar cane, or oil palm) on chemical cues affecting fish recruitment to adjacent reefs and whether the negative effects of agricultural crops are negated by runoff progressing through coastal mangroves. If so, this provides a management strategy for retaining both coastal agriculture and fishes. At smaller scales, we will conduct metatranscriptomic analyses of the coral host, its zooxanthellae, and its microbiomes through time following coral contact with allelopathic seaweeds to determine the roles of microbially mediated processes in the negative impacts of seaweed on corals. We will cultivate and investigate the roles of microbes from healthy versus stressed corals, test the effects of seaweed extracts on coral-associated bacteria, and assess whether commensal microbes chemically protect corals from microbial pathogens. If so, we will work with AP2 to further investigate the antagonistic interactions and the chemicals involved.