The chemical ecology of conservation and drug discovery

合作项目3 项目摘要 副计划3的目标是利用和进一步了解珊瑚礁的化学生态学 生物体，以更好地为药物发现提供信息，并提供新的和更有效的管理选择， 保护和恢复珊瑚礁的多样性和生态功能。我们将与AP 1，2， 和4对物种施加生态上有意义的压力（激活，诱导），以提高多样性或 它们产生的生物活性代谢物的效力。我们的保护工作将集中在进一步确定 来自底栖生物的化学信号在抑制（海藻）或刺激 （珊瑚）补充珊瑚和鱼类，它们必须定居在受损的珊瑚礁中以恢复。我们将确定 其中线索物种是最关键的，鱼类反应的方差作为营养组的函数， 分类学，以及鱼类和珊瑚是否对相同的一般线索作出反应。与AP2合作 将尝试鉴定一些主要的代谢物。我们将扩大实验室规模， 野外实验，以测试我们是否可以在3年内的退化礁上启动100 m2规模的礁恢复。 复制珊瑚海岸的村庄这将通过去除抑制性海藻来实现， 刺激性珊瑚，两者都有，两者都没有。个体珊瑚的补充、生存和生长 然后跟踪新补充鱼类的身体状况和生长速度。在更大的尺度上 我们将评估流域尺度土地利用模式（原生植被与引进植被）的影响 桃花心木、甘蔗或油棕）对影响鱼类向邻近珊瑚礁补充的化学线索的影响，以及 通过沿海红树林的径流抵消了农作物的负面影响。如果是这样的话， 这为保留沿海农业和渔业提供了一个管理战略。在较小的尺度上，我们 将对珊瑚宿主、虫黄藻和微生物进行元转录组学分析， 在珊瑚与化感海藻接触后，确定微生物介导的过程在 海藻对珊瑚的负面影响。我们将培养和研究健康微生物的作用， 与紧张的珊瑚相比，测试海藻提取物对珊瑚相关细菌的影响，并评估是否 共生微生物以化学方式保护珊瑚免受微生物病原体的侵害。如果是这样，我们将与AP2合作， 进一步研究拮抗相互作用和所涉及的化学物质。

Associate Program 3 Project Summary The goal of Associate Program 3 is to use and further our understanding of the chemical ecology of coral reef organisms to better inform drug discovery and to provide new and more effective management options for conserving and restoring the diversity and ecological function of coral reefs. We will collaborate with APs 1,2, and 4 to apply ecologically meaningful stresses to species (activation, induction) to enhance the diversity or potency of bioactive metabolites they are producing. Our conservation efforts will focus on further determining the critical role that chemical cues from benthic organisms play in suppressing (seaweeds) or stimulating (corals) recruitment of corals and fishes that must colonize for damaged reefs to recover. We will determine which cuing species are most critical, the variance in response of fishes as a function of trophic group and taxonomy, and whether fishes and corals are responding to the same general cues. Collaborations with AP2 will attempt to identify some of the major metabolites involved. We will scale-up our laboratory and small-scale field experiments to test whether we can initiate reef recovery on scales of 100m2 on degraded reefs in 3 replicate villages on the Coral Coast. This will be accomplished via removal of suppressive seaweeds, addition of stimulatory corals, both, and neither. The recruitment, survival and growth of individual corals will then be followed as will the physical condition and growth rates of newly recruiting fishes. At still larger scales we will evaluate the influence of water-shed scale land use patterns (native vegetation vs introduced mahogany, sugar cane, or oil palm) on chemical cues affecting fish recruitment to adjacent reefs and whether the negative effects of agricultural crops are negated by runoff progressing through coastal mangroves. If so, this provides a management strategy for retaining both coastal agriculture and fishes. At smaller scales, we will conduct metatranscriptomic analyses of the coral host, its zooxanthellae, and its microbiomes through time following coral contact with allelopathic seaweeds to determine the roles of microbially mediated processes in the negative impacts of seaweed on corals. We will cultivate and investigate the roles of microbes from healthy versus stressed corals, test the effects of seaweed extracts on coral-associated bacteria, and assess whether commensal microbes chemically protect corals from microbial pathogens. If so, we will work with AP2 to further investigate the antagonistic interactions and the chemicals involved.