Exploration, conservation, & development of marine biodiversity in Fiji

探索、保护、

• 批准号: 7929594
• 负责人: MARK E HAY
• 金额: $ 96.23万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-29 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7929594
• 关键词: Actinobacteria class; Actinomyces; Address; Algae; Area; Attitude; Bacteria; Biodiversity; Biological Assay; Biological Factors; Biomass; Chemicals; Chemistry; Communities; Cook Islands; Country; Developing Countries; Development; Disease; Ecology; Economic Development; Economics; Ecosystem; Education; Environment; Fiji; Fisheries; Fishes; Foundations; Funding; Generations; Genetic; Genomics; Goals; Grant; Growth; Habitats; Hydrocarbons; Incentives; Income; Industry; Institution; Internet; Investigation; Island; Kiribati; Life; Lipids; Maintenance; Malaria; Malignant Neoplasms; Marines; Marshall Islands; Measures; Mental disorders; Metabolic; Metabolic Pathway; Metabolism; Microbe; Microbiology; Mining; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Biology Techniques; Nauru; Niue; Online Systems; Organism; Pacific Islands; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmaceutical Resources; Pharmacologic Substance; Plants; Process; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research Infrastructure; Resources; Ribosomal RNA; Samoa; Screening procedure; Seaweed; Sequence Analysis; Simulate; Solomon Islands; Source; Stress; Surveys; Sustainable Development; System; Technology Transfer; Tissues; Tokelau; Tonga; Tuvalu; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Vanuatu; Water; Work; antimicrobial; base; coral; drug discovery; drug resistant bacteria; fungus; improved; microbial; novel; pathogen; pressure; prevent; research study; response; small molecule; sugar; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our overall goals are to : (1) coordinate investigations of South Pacific organisms as pharmaceutical resources for treating diseases of importance in the Pacific Islands and United States and for novel bioenergy applications (2) support sustainable uses of the biodiversity upon which such bioprospecting depends, and (3) understand the processes degrading coral reef ecosystems and initiate locally-appropriate conservation measures to enhance reef resiliance to both local and global pressures, (4) leverage NIH, University of the South Pacific (USP), and other resources to develop the South Pacific Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Drug Discovery (SPCBCDD) into a self-sustaining institution serving the 12 countries that operate USP (Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu), and (5) develop "green" culturing of coral reef live rock as an environmentally appropriate and economically viable substiture for the present destructive practices of live rock mining from Fijian reefs. Drug discovery will focus on (1) phylogenetically distinct and chemically rich marine actinomycetes making metabolites that are active in biomedical screens and that hosts novel metabolic pathways valuable for sustainable energy development, and (2) on chemically-rich coral reef macroorganisms that commonly upregulate defensive chemistry in response to attack from natural enemies, simulated attack, or other stresses. Extracts from these organisms will be bioassayed against relevant models including: drug resistant bacteria, fungi, TB, Malaria, psychological disorders, and cancer. Additionally, we will evaluate patterns in tropical reef biodiversity and conduct field experiments to determine the relative impacts of common stresses (e.g., overfishing, nutrification) causing seaweed replacement of corals and precipitating the dramatic loss of biodiversity that is occurring on coral reefs worldwide. Toward this end we will identify the processes and mechanisms involved, elucidate those critical herbivores that control the most aggressive seaweeds, and work with village leaders to develop effective resource management strategies based on this scientific input. We will also continue developing a web based foundation we have created for funding conservation of Fijian coral reef and mangrove systems.

描述(申请人提供)：我们的总体目标是：(1)协调对南太平洋生物的调查，将其作为治疗太平洋岛屿和美国重要疾病的药物资源，并用于新的生物能源应用；(2)支持这种生物勘探所依赖的生物多样性的可持续利用；(3)了解珊瑚礁生态系统退化的过程，并启动适合当地情况的保护措施，以增强珊瑚礁对当地和全球压力的适应能力；(4)利用美国国立卫生研究院、南太平洋大学(USP)、该项目包括：(1)将南太平洋生物多样性保护和药物发现中心(SPCBCDD)发展成为一个自给自足的机构，为运营USP的12个国家(库克群岛、斐济、基里巴斯、马绍尔群岛、瑙鲁、纽埃、萨摩亚、所罗门群岛、托克劳、汤加、图瓦卢和瓦努阿图)提供服务；(5)发展珊瑚礁活岩石的“绿色”养殖，将其作为目前从斐济珊瑚礁开采活岩石的破坏性做法的一种经济上可行的替代品。药物发现将集中在(1)在系统发育上独特且化学丰富的海洋放线菌，它们制造在生物医学筛选中活跃的代谢物，并拥有对可持续能源开发有价值的新的代谢途径，以及(2)化学丰富的珊瑚礁大型生物，它们通常上调防御化学，以应对天敌、模拟攻击或其他压力。这些生物的提取物将针对相关模型进行生物测试，包括：抗药性细菌、真菌、结核病、疟疾、心理障碍和癌症。此外，我们将评估热带珊瑚礁生物多样性的模式，并进行实地实验，以确定共同压力(如过度捕捞、营养)造成的海藻替代珊瑚和导致全球珊瑚礁生物多样性急剧丧失的相对影响。为此，我们将确定涉及的过程和机制，阐明那些控制最具攻击性的海藻的关键草食动物，并与村领导合作，在此科学投入的基础上制定有效的资源管理战略。我们还将继续建立一个基于网络的基金会，为斐济珊瑚礁和红树林系统的保护提供资金。