Multisensory control of autonomic function

自主功能的多感官控制

• 批准号: 9244759
• 负责人: SUSAN M BARMAN
• 金额: $ 32.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9244759
• 关键词: Affect; Aging; Animals; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Autonomic Dysfunction; Baroreflex; Bilateral; Blood; Blood Pressure; Blood flow; Brain; Brain Stem; Cardiovascular system; Cell Nucleus; Cerebellar degeneration; Cerebellar vermis structure; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Conscious; Cues; Excision; Exercise; Fall injury; Feedback; Financial compensation; Grant; Head; Homeostasis; Lead; Lesion; Lobule; Mediating; Motor; Movement; Nerve; Neurons; Orthostatic Hypotension; Patients; Peripheral; Plasticizers; Posture; Pressoreceptors; Purkinje Cells; Reflex action; Regulation; Retinal; Role; Rotation; Signal Transduction; Specific qualifier value; Stress; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Vascular blood supply; Vascular resistance; Vestibular loss; Vestibular nucleus structure; Visual; Work; blood pressure regulation; body position; expectation; experimental study; insight; labyrinthectomy; multisensory; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neuroregulation; novel; peripheral blood; prevent; public health relevance; response; stress disorder; uvula; vasoconstriction; vestibulo-ocular reflex

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two feedback mechanisms, vestibulosympathetic and baroreceptor reflexes, act in parallel to sustain stable blood pressure during changes in posture. In addition, motor planning engages feedforward autonomic responses that assure an adequate blood supply to the body during movement. However, little is known about the interactive effects of feedback and feedforward signals on the activity of brainstem neurons that control autonomic function. This grant employs neurophysiological recordings in conscious animals from brainstem neurons that regulate blood pressure, and investigates three novel concepts regarding the integrated control of vestibulosympathetic and baroreceptor reflexes. First, the gain of these responses is adjusted cognitively in accordance with the expected magnitude of an upcoming head-up tilt. Second, the gain of baroreceptor reflexes increases following a bilateral labyrinthectomy to compensate for the loss of vestibulosympathetic responses. Third, the gains of both vestibulosympathetic and baroreceptor reflexes are adjusted through inputs from the uvula, a region of the caudal cerebellar vermis. In particular, we will determine whether uvula Purkinje cells mediate cognition-related changes in the gains of vestibulosympathetic and baroreceptor reflexes, as well as plastic changes in baroreceptor reflexes when blood pressure becomes labile during postural alterations. These experiments have clinical implications. This work will ascertain whether anticipation of postural changes causes feedforward alterations in vascular resistance that prevent peripheral blood pooling and orthostatic hypotension during the ensuing movement, and whether the cerebellar vermis mediates these responses. Orthostatic hypotension becomes more prevalent during aging, which is also associated with cerebellar degeneration. The notion that aging-related cerebellar degeneration could lead to a cardiovascular disturbance that commonly results in falling and injuries has not been previously considered. The findings from these studies also have implications for other clinical conditions where cognition affects blood pressure, including anxiety and stress disorders.

 描述（由申请人提供）：前庭交感神经反射和压力感受器反射这两种反馈机制并行作用，以在姿势变化期间维持稳定的血压。此外，运动规划涉及前馈自主反应，确保运动期间身体有足够的血液供应。然而，关于反馈和前馈信号对控制自主功能的脑干神经元活动的交互作用知之甚少。该资助利用了有意识的动物中调节血压的脑干神经元的神经生理学记录，并研究了关于前庭交感神经和压力感受器反射的综合控制的三个新概念。首先，这些响应的增益根据即将到来的平视倾斜的预期幅度进行认知调整。其次，双侧迷路切除术后压力感受器反射的增益增加，以补偿前庭交感神经反应的损失。第三，前庭交感神经和压力感受器反射的增益都是通过小脑蚓部尾部悬雍垂的输入来调节的。特别是，我们将确定悬雍垂浦肯野细胞是否介导前庭交感神经和压力感受器反射增益的认知相关变化，以及当血压在姿势改变期间变得不稳定时压力感受器反射的可塑性变化。这些实验具有临床意义。这项工作将确定对姿势变化的预期是否会导致血管阻力的前馈改变，从而防止随后的运动过程中外周血淤积和体位性低血压，以及小脑蚓部是否介导这些反应。随着年龄的增长，体位性低血压变得更加普遍，这也与小脑变性有关。以前从未考虑过与衰老相关的小脑变性可能导致心血管紊乱，从而通常导致跌倒和受伤的观点。这些研究的结果也对认知影响血压的其他临床状况有影响，包括焦虑症和应激障碍。