Multisensory control of autonomic function

自主功能的多感官控制

• 批准号: 9244759
• 负责人: SUSAN M BARMAN
• 金额: $ 32.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9244759
• 关键词: Affect; Aging; Animals; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Autonomic Dysfunction; Baroreflex; Bilateral; Blood; Blood Pressure; Blood flow; Brain; Brain Stem; Cardiovascular system; Cell Nucleus; Cerebellar degeneration; Cerebellar vermis structure; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Conscious; Cues; Excision; Exercise; Fall injury; Feedback; Financial compensation; Grant; Head; Homeostasis; Lead; Lesion; Lobule; Mediating; Motor; Movement; Nerve; Neurons; Orthostatic Hypotension; Patients; Peripheral; Plasticizers; Posture; Pressoreceptors; Purkinje Cells; Reflex action; Regulation; Retinal; Role; Rotation; Signal Transduction; Specific qualifier value; Stress; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Vascular blood supply; Vascular resistance; Vestibular loss; Vestibular nucleus structure; Visual; Work; blood pressure regulation; body position; expectation; experimental study; insight; labyrinthectomy; multisensory; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neuroregulation; novel; peripheral blood; prevent; public health relevance; response; stress disorder; uvula; vasoconstriction; vestibulo-ocular reflex

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two feedback mechanisms, vestibulosympathetic and baroreceptor reflexes, act in parallel to sustain stable blood pressure during changes in posture. In addition, motor planning engages feedforward autonomic responses that assure an adequate blood supply to the body during movement. However, little is known about the interactive effects of feedback and feedforward signals on the activity of brainstem neurons that control autonomic function. This grant employs neurophysiological recordings in conscious animals from brainstem neurons that regulate blood pressure, and investigates three novel concepts regarding the integrated control of vestibulosympathetic and baroreceptor reflexes. First, the gain of these responses is adjusted cognitively in accordance with the expected magnitude of an upcoming head-up tilt. Second, the gain of baroreceptor reflexes increases following a bilateral labyrinthectomy to compensate for the loss of vestibulosympathetic responses. Third, the gains of both vestibulosympathetic and baroreceptor reflexes are adjusted through inputs from the uvula, a region of the caudal cerebellar vermis. In particular, we will determine whether uvula Purkinje cells mediate cognition-related changes in the gains of vestibulosympathetic and baroreceptor reflexes, as well as plastic changes in baroreceptor reflexes when blood pressure becomes labile during postural alterations. These experiments have clinical implications. This work will ascertain whether anticipation of postural changes causes feedforward alterations in vascular resistance that prevent peripheral blood pooling and orthostatic hypotension during the ensuing movement, and whether the cerebellar vermis mediates these responses. Orthostatic hypotension becomes more prevalent during aging, which is also associated with cerebellar degeneration. The notion that aging-related cerebellar degeneration could lead to a cardiovascular disturbance that commonly results in falling and injuries has not been previously considered. The findings from these studies also have implications for other clinical conditions where cognition affects blood pressure, including anxiety and stress disorders.

 描述（由申请人提供）：两种反馈机制，前庭交感神经反射和压力感受器反射，在姿势变化期间平行作用以维持稳定的血压。此外，运动规划涉及前馈自主反应，以确保在运动期间向身体提供充足的血液供应。然而，很少有人知道反馈和前馈信号对脑干神经元控制自主神经功能的活动的相互作用。这项资助采用了来自调节血压的脑干神经元的有意识动物的神经生理学记录，并研究了关于前庭交感神经和压力感受器反射综合控制的三个新概念。首先，根据即将到来的头向上倾斜的预期幅度来认知地调整这些响应的增益。第二，压力感受性反射的增益增加后，双侧前庭神经节切除，以弥补前庭交感神经反应的损失。第三，前庭交感神经反射和压力感受器反射的增益都是通过来自悬雍垂（小脑尾蚓部的一个区域）的输入来调节的。特别是，我们将确定是否悬雍垂浦肯野细胞介导的前庭交感神经和压力感受器反射的增益认知相关的变化，以及压力感受器反射的可塑性变化时，血压变得不稳定的姿势改变。这些实验具有临床意义。这项工作将确定是否预期的姿势变化会导致前馈血管阻力的变化，防止外周血池和直立性低血压在随后的运动，以及是否小脑蚓部介导这些反应。直立性低血压在衰老过程中变得更加普遍，这也与小脑变性有关。与年龄相关的小脑退化可能导致心血管障碍，通常导致跌倒和受伤的概念以前没有被考虑过。这些研究的发现也对认知影响血压的其他临床疾病有影响，包括焦虑和压力障碍。