Tongue- and Jaw-Specific Contributions to Vowel Acoustic Changes: Towards a Mechanistic Model of Intelligibility Loss and Recovery in Dysarthria

7.项目摘要/摘要 虽然众所周知，在患有构音障碍的人中，发音经常受到不同程度的损害，但 语音清晰度丧失与发音器有关的因素目前还知之甚少。尤其是知识 关于舌头和下巴对元音声学对比的特定贡献，元音声学对比是一种强有力的语音声学预测指标 构音障碍的可理解性改变，目前仍缺乏研究。这一知识对于识别发音器是至关重要的。 这是造成语言清晰度丧失的最大原因，需要在治疗中进行针对性的治疗。言语修饰语 (响亮、清晰、缓慢的语音)，已知会在典型的说话者中引起特定于发音器的变化，包括 常用于治疗干预，以提高构音障碍患者的语言清晰度。然而， 由于通常缺乏选择特定语音修改的特定指南，因此治疗 决定通常是基于说话者对试验治疗的反应。有关特定于咬合架的知识 改善元音声学的机制对大声、缓慢和清晰的语音做出反应 构音障碍将为战略性地选择言语修饰提供所需的科学理解 一种方法，可以精确地瞄准对语音清晰度最不利的发音器。因此， 本研究的长期目标是建立语音清晰度损失和恢复的机制模型 它解决了特定发音器对语音声学的贡献，并最终提高了语音的清晰度 构音障碍说话者的变化。作为合乎逻辑的第一步，这项研究提案的目标是确定 舌头和颌骨特异性对肌营养不良患者元音声学对比变化的影响 侧索硬化症(ALS)和帕金森病(PD)。这两个临床组特别适合 因为一些关于疾病和语音修改相关的发音和语音声学的文献 变革已经确立，并允许提出理论驱动的研究假设。 在这些研究的基础上，检验了与疾病和提示的言语修改相关的中心假设 舌头和颌骨发音能力的变化及其对元音声学对比的贡献将有所不同 在这两组人之间。三维电磁关节成像将被用来直接记录舌头和颌骨 双元音产生过程中的位移嵌入到句子话语中。元音声学分析将 检查舌头和下巴移位的语音声学后果。这项提议是非常重要的 创新性，因为它直接比较了三种常用行为的特定于发音器的机制 两种截然不同的发音障碍临床组构音障碍的治疗方法 简介[舌型(ALS)、颌型(PD)关节损害类型]。这样的见解可以用来 未来在更多不同的病因(脑外伤、中风)中识别特定于咬合器的损伤类型，以 协助临床决策。因此，新的发现有可能通过提供一种 为科学指导治疗选择奠定基础，不仅针对ALS和PD，而且针对许多其他病因。

7. Project Summary/Abstract Although it is well-known that articulators are often differentially impaired in talkers with dysarthria, the articulator-specific contributions to speech intelligibility loss are poorly understood. Particularly knowledge about tongue- and jaw-specific contributions to vowel acoustic contrast, a strong speech acoustic predictor of intelligibility change in dysarthria, is still lacking. This knowledge is critically needed to identify the articulator that contributes most to speech intelligibility loss and needs to be targeted in treatment. Speech modifications (loud, clear, slow speech), which are known to elicit articulator-specific changes in typical talkers, are commonly used in therapeutic interventions to improve speech intelligibility in talkers with dysarthria. However, because specific guidelines for the selection of a specific speech modification are generally lacking, treatment decisions are often based on the talker's response to trial therapy. Knowledge about the articulator-specific mechanisms underlying improved vowel acoustics in response to loud, slow, and clear speech in talkers with dysarthria would provide the required scientific understanding to strategically select the speech modification approach that can precisely target the articulator that is most detrimental to speech intelligibility. Therefore, the long-term goal of this research is to establish a mechanistic model of speech intelligibility loss and recovery that addresses articulator-specific contributions to speech acoustic and, ultimately, speech intelligibility changes in talkers with dysarthria. As a logical first step, the objective of this research proposal is to identify the tongue- and jaw-specific contribution to changes in acoustic vowel contrast in talkers with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD). These two clinical groups are particularly well-suited because some literature about disease- and speech modification-related articulatory and speech acoustic changes has already been established and allow the formulation of theoretically-driven research hypotheses. Based on these studies, the central hypothesis is tested that disease- and cued speech modification-related changes in tongue and jaw articulatory performance and their contributions to vowel acoustic contrast will differ between these two groups. 3D electromagnetic articulography will be used to directly record tongue and jaw displacements during diphthong productions embedded in sentence utterances. Vowel acoustic analyses will examine the speech acoustic consequences of tongue and jaw displacements. This proposal is highly innovative because it directly compares the articulator-specific mechanisms of three frequently used behavioral treatment approaches for dysarthria in two clinical groups with distinctly different articulatory impairment profiles [tongue-dominant (ALS), jaw-dominant (PD) articulatory impairment types]. Such insights can be used in the future to identify articulator-specific impairment types in more heterogeneous etiologies (TBI, stroke) to aid clinical decisions. New findings therefore have the potential to transform clinical practice by providing a basis for scientifically-guided treatment selection, not only for ALS and PD, but also for many other etiologies.