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Measuring and Isolating Imprecision in Vestibular Perception and Action

测量和隔离前庭感知和行动的不精确性

基本信息

批准号：
9174903
负责人：
Faisal Karmali
金额：
$ 16.4万
依托单位：
MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-12-01 至 2018-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9174903
关键词：
Aircraft Behavior Behavioral Biological Assay Brain Characteristics Clinical Darkness Data Decision Making Diagnosis Diagnostic Disease Engineering Esthesia Frequencies Goals Head Human Individual Intervention Lead Measurement Measures Modeling Motion Motor Nature Nervous system structure Neuraxis Noise Organ Pathology Pathway interactions Perception Peripheral Process Psychophysics Reflex action Research Role Rotation Running Semicircular canal structure Sensory Site Smooth Pursuit Source Stimulus System Techniques Testing Time Translations Variant Visual Motion Work behavioral response clinical Diagnosis improved motor control nonhuman primate novel oculomotor otoconia public health relevance relating to nervous system response sample fixation sensorimotor system sensory system trial comparing vestibular pathway vestibulo-ocular reflex visual feedback

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Precision in motion control and perception is critical to survival - whether prey running over rough terrain or a pilot landing on an aircraft carrier. Behavioral precision depends on precision at many levels - e.g. sensory transduction, motor units, and the central nervous system - and there are open questions about which level(s) limit overall precision. As fundamental examples, we don't know whether the majority of vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) imprecision originates in the periphery, the CNS, or the oculomotor system. Similarly, we do not know whether the majority of perceptual imprecision originates in the periphery or CNS. The long-term general goal of this research is to understand the role of precision in sensation, behavior, pathology, clinical diagnosis and neural processing. The relative simplicity of the vestibular system makes it an excellent model to study the basic principles of how the brain processes noise, which may be more broadly applicable to other sensory systems. The short-term goal of this work is to understand precision in vestibular sensorimotor reflexes and perception using novel techniques to measure and isolate sources of imprecision. For example, the sensitivity of clinical tests at diagnosing particular disorders coul be strengthened if sources of imprecision could be isolated. To achieve this goal, we propose the following specific aims. Aim 1: Study sensory, motor and perceptual noise by simultaneously assaying VOR and perceptual precision in humans. To determine the extent to which the VOR and perceptual thresholds depend on a shared noise source, we propose to measure perceptual and VOR responses simultaneously using threshold-level stimuli, and quantify trial-by-trial co-variation. We hypothesize that a shared, presumably peripheral sensory noise source underlies both perceptual and oculomotor responses for yaw rotation and inter-aural translation. Aim 2: We will separate sensory and motor precision by exploiting a unique characteristic of the translational VOR - that the sensitivity of the response can be modulated by fixation distance - allowing the effective decoupling of the sensory and motor components of the pathway. We will measure trial-to-trial VOR variability in response to repeated stimuli, while presuming that VOR variability dependent on sensory imprecision will scale with VOR sensitivity. We hypothesize that sensory noise dominates translational VOR variability.

描述（由申请人提供）：运动控制和感知的精确性对生存至关重要-无论是在崎岖地形上奔跑的猎物还是在航空母舰上降落的飞行员。行为精确度取决于许多层面的精确度--例如感觉传导、运动单位和中枢神经系统--关于哪些层面限制了整体精确度，还有一些悬而未决的问题。作为基本的例子，我们不知道大多数前庭眼反射（VOR）的不精确性是否起源于外周、中枢神经系统或眼神经系统。同样，我们也不知道大多数知觉不精确性是起源于外周还是中枢神经系统。这项研究的长期总体目标是了解精确度在感觉、行为、病理、临床诊断和神经处理中的作用。前庭系统的相对简单性使其成为研究大脑如何处理噪音的基本原理的绝佳模型，这可能更广泛地适用于其他感觉系统。这项工作的短期目标是了解前庭感觉运动反射和感知的精确性，使用新技术来测量和隔离不精确的来源。例如，如果能够分离出不精确的来源，那么临床试验在诊断特定疾病方面的灵敏度就可以得到加强。为实现这一目标，我们提出以下具体目标。目的1：通过同时测定VOR和人类感知精度来研究感觉，运动和感知噪声。为了确定VOR和感知阈值在多大程度上取决于共享的噪声源，我们建议同时使用阈值级刺激来测量感知和VOR响应，并量化逐试协变。我们假设，一个共享的，大概是周边感觉噪声源的基础上的感知和眼的反应偏航旋转和耳间翻译。目标二：我们将通过利用平移VOR的独特特性来分离感觉和运动精度-响应的灵敏度可以通过固定距离来调节-允许通路的感觉和运动组件的有效解耦。我们将测量试验间VOR变异性对重复刺激的反应，同时假设VOR变异性依赖于感觉的不精确性将与VOR敏感性成比例。我们假设，感觉噪声占主导地位的翻译VOR的变化。