Adolescent communication with Family and Reproductive Health

摘要 危险的性行为会带来高昂的个人、社会和经济成本。家庭关于性的沟通可以 减少危险的性行为，但大多数研究只关注青少年与父母之间的关系。高水平的扩展- 家庭参与育儿和性交流，例如与祖父母、阿姨和叔叔， 年长的兄弟姐妹和表兄弟姐妹以及“虚构的亲属”，尤其是在黑人和拉丁裔家庭中，表明了 评估这种尚未充分研究的影响。初步研究结果显示，延长时间之间存在显着关联。 家庭性沟通和青少年性行为，但这的风险或保护作用 沟通仍不清楚。为了实现 NICHD 的目标，即确定可预防的保护因素 意外怀孕和性传播感染，这项混合方法研究提出了第一个 青少年大家庭性沟通及其与性行为的关系的综合评估 性行为，并包括大家庭的观点，以便将定量研究结果应用于预防 和干预计划。拟议的研究应用了已建立的父母-青少年概念模型 与大家庭的性沟通，承认直接谈论性和间接谈论性（较少 直接）性沟通，预测青少年的性信仰和行为。该研究将 调查三个目标：1）比较青少年与父母和大家庭的性沟通，2） 调查大家庭性沟通与青少年性信仰之间的关联 行为，以及 3) 探索大家庭成员如何看待与青少年的性交流 他们需要什么工具来支持青少年的性健康。为了实现这些目标，本研究使用了解释性的 顺序混合方法设计，包括青少年调查和大家庭访谈。十七 来自 4 所学校的 10 名 11 年级和 12 年级男女学生将填写校内在线调查，30 大家庭成员将接受采访。定量分析将解决目标 1 和 2。假设 父母和大家庭的性沟通存在差异，青少年对家庭成员的看法也不同 性沟通和态度将与青少年的性信仰和行为相关。青少年的 与大家庭成员的亲密关系和家庭主义价值观预计将塑造家庭的力量 这些协会。联想的方向会根据青少年与年长者还是年轻者交谈而有所不同 家庭。定性分析将指导目标 1 和 2 的调查结果的实施，以支持学校和 以社区为基础的预防和干预工作。这部作品的意义在于它的全面性 关注家庭性沟通中的所有伴侣，评估这种沟通是否有效 对青少年的性健康有益或有害。它通过告知是否以及如何 将核心家庭以外的更大的家庭系统纳入预防和干预计划。

Abstract Risky sexual behaviors have high personal, social, and financial costs. Family communication about sex can reduce risky sexual behaviors, but most studies focus only on the teen-parent dyad. High levels of extended- family involvement in childrearing and sexuality communication, such as with grandparents, aunts and uncles, older siblings and cousins, and “fictive kin,” especially in Black and Latino families, suggest the importance of assessing this under-studied influence. Preliminary findings show significant associations between extended- family sexuality communication and teen sexual behavior, but the risk or protective effects of this communication remain unclear. To address NICHD's goal of identifying protective factors that prevent unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, this mixed-methods study proposes the first comprehensive assessment of teens' extended-family sexuality communication and its associations with sexual behavior, and includes extended-family perspectives in order to apply quantitative findings to prevention and intervention programs. The proposed study applies an established conceptual model of parent-teen sexuality communication to extended family, which recognizes both direct talk about sex and indirect (less straightforward) sexuality communication, which predict teens' sexual beliefs and behaviors. The study will investigate three aims: 1) Compare teens' sexuality communication with parents and with extended family, 2) Investigate associations between extended-family sexuality communication and teens' sexual beliefs and behaviors, and 3) Explore how extended-family members perceive sexuality communication with teens and what tools they need to support teens' sexual health. To address these aims, this study uses an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, which includes teen surveys and extended-family interviews. Seventeen hundred male and female 11th and 12th graders from 4 schools will fill out an in-school online survey, and 30 extended-family members will be interviewed. Quantitative analyses will address Aims 1 & 2. It is hypothesized that parent and extended-family sexuality communication differ and that teens' perceptions of family members' sexuality communication and attitudes will be associated with teens' sexual beliefs and behaviors. Teens' closeness with the extended family member and values of familism are expected to shape the strength of these associations. The direction of associations will vary by whether teens talk with older or younger extended family. Qualitative analyses will guide implementation of findings from Aims 1 & 2 to support school and community-based prevention and intervention efforts. The significance of this work lies in its comprehensive focus on the full range of partners in family sexuality communication, assessing whether this communication is helpful or harmful to teens' sexual health. It contributes to public health by informing whether and how to include larger family systems, beyond the nuclear family, into prevention and intervention programs.