Neighborhood risk and protection for substance use among low income adolescents

摘要 K01指导研究科学家发展奖将为候选人Jaime Booth博士提供 先进的培训和结构化的指导，促进了她向研究独立的过渡。这个 候选人的目标是成为一名独立调查员，拥有社区程序方面的专业知识，可能 对其进行修改，以防止低收入青少年使用药物。拟议的工作范围将填补 通过研究邻里过程对烟草和大麻使用的作用，发现现有文献中存在明显的差距 (TMU)从社会压力的角度。虽然TMU在全国青少年中的使用率正在下降，但在 低收入青少年的样本仍然很高。在这一人群中，TMU没有下降可能是 这部分归因于低收入青少年承受较高的压力。一个关键的来源是 压力是社区的劣势。尽管有一些证据表明，邻里压力会影响青少年 压力和随后的TMU，结果一直不一致，可能部分是由于方法上的原因 挑战，例如使用横断面数据和人口普查区域来确定邻里风险。为了获得 在评估与青少年发展密切相关的邻里程序和 在高级量化方法方面的方法专长，使应聘者能够解决这些问题 挑战，应聘者将在这个奖项中提供培训和指导：1)角色 青少年TMU的压力状况，2)对青春期父母监控的了解和测量 作为邻里关系压力和TMU之间的中介变量和潜在调节变量，3)交叉滞后 和纵向数据的多水平建模，以及4)使用EMA来理解青少年暴露在 实时的邻里压力。这项培训将通过进行两项研究来实现， 解决以下目标：1)审查父母监督在以下方面的潜在调解/调节作用 邻里劣势与青少年压力和TMU的关系；2)了解 青少年活动空间暴露、社会网络与青少年TMU的关系 对邻居的风险、保护和压力的看法。这一K01奖项将为候选人提供 在青少年TMU中发展邻里压力的作用和使用GSP的专业知识的保护时间 和EMA来理解复杂的应力过程。到颁奖结束时，这项培训和研究 经验将使候选人成为美国为数不多的具有必要技能的研究人员之一 设计密集的纵向研究，调查贫困社区内的因素，可能 将青少年置于物质使用的风险中。此外，K01将为应聘者提供必要的 识别社区内可修改的干预目标并更准确地测试 社区变化对青少年TMU的影响

Abstract This K01 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award will provide the candidate, Jaime Booth, PhD., with advanced training and structured mentoring to facilitate her transition to research independence. The candidate’s goal is to become an independent investigator with expertise in neighborhood processes that may be modified to prevent substance use among low-income adolescents. The proposed scope of work will fill a marked gap in existing literature by examining the role of neighborhood process on tobacco and marijuana use (TMU) from a social stress perspective. While TMU among adolescents is declining nationally, use among samples of low-income adolescents remains high. The lack of decline of TMU within this population may be partially attributed to the higher rates of stress experienced by low-income adolescents. One key source of stress is neighborhood disadvantage. Despite some evidence that neighborhood stressors impact adolescent stress and subsequent TMU, findings have been inconsistent, potentially in part due to methodological challenges, such as the use of cross-sectional data and census tracts to define neighborhood risk. To gain substantive expertise in assessing neighborhood processes germane to adolescent development and methodological expertise in advanced quantitative methods that will allow the candidate to addresses these challenges, the candidate will pursue training in This award will provide training and mentorship in: 1) the role of stress in adolescent TMU, 2) knowledge about and measurement of parental monitoring during adolescence as both a mediator and a potential moderator between neighborhood-related stress and TMU, 3) cross-lagged and multilevel modeling with longitudinal data, and 4) the use of EMA to understand adolescents' exposure to neighborhood stress in real time. This training will be achieved by conducting two research studies that address the following aims: 1) Examine the potential mediating/moderating role of parental monitoring in the association between neighborhood disadvantage and adolescents' stress and TMU; and 2) Understand the relation between adolescents’ exposure to activity spaces, and social networks and TMU via adolescents' perceptions of neighborhood risk and protection and stress. This K01 award will provide the candidate with protected time to develop expertise in the role of neighborhood stress in adolescent TMU and the use of GSP and EMA to understand complex stress processes. By the conclusion of the award, this training and research experience will position the candidate as one of the few researchers in the U.S. with the necessary skills to design intensive longitudinal studies for investigating factors within disadvantaged neighborhoods that may place adolescents at risk for substance use. Furthermore, the K01 will provide the candidate with the requisite knowledge to identify modifiable targets of intervention within neighborhoods and more precisely test the effects of neighborhood change on TMU in adolescents.