Infectious Disease and Basic Microbiological Mechanisms

描述(申请人提供)：传染病和微生物学仍然是卫生保健研究的关键领域。感染仍然是世界范围内死亡的主要原因，并在美国构成个人和公共卫生方面的严重问题。在所有种类的哺乳动物病原体中，抗生素耐药性的发生速度令人担忧，而且还在不断增加。此外，曾经被认为即将从发达国家根除的疾病--例如结核病、霍乱和风湿热--已经以新的强度反弹。传染病和基本微生物机制培训计划目前已进入第36个年头，该计划的主要目标是培训那些有解决医学相关问题的职业目标，并在哈佛成人传染病计划或其他哈佛大学参与该计划的机构中选择严格的实验室或流行病学培训的科学家。在过去的36年里，该项目成功地培养了学术医学领域的领导者和对该领域做出重要贡献的研究人员。在这个相互竞争的重新提交申请中，我们建议再提供五年的资金，并将培训计划维持在目前的水平，即每年八名博士后实习生。我们将利用这些空位在指导研究期间直接向选定的传染病内科研究员提供支持，并向哈佛医学院传染病和微生物学实验室专注于具有重要临床意义的领域的选定博士生提供支持，以支持这些实验室内为医生科学家提供丰富的研究培训环境，并为这些博士生提供大量接触经过医学培训的临床活跃研究人员的机会。培训将包括至少两年的有指导的研究和实验室实践培训，适当的非授予学位的高级研究生课程，受训人员出席和参加与传染病和微生物学研究直接相关的定期会议和研讨会，以及指导编写竞争性资助提案，特别强调申请K奖和其他职业发展奖，包括基础奖。这一培训计划的具体目标如下：1.在基本实验室或流行病学技术和方法方面获得足够的培训，以便对相关传染病问题进行有效的前沿研究；2.通过项目教员强有力的纵向指导，促进重要科学贡献的创造；3.发展主要研究重点和对传染病和微生物学的广泛了解，以便能够进行新的跨学科研究并导致独立性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Infectious diseases and microbiology continue to be areas of pivotal importance in health care research. Infection remains a major cause of mortality worldwide and poses serious problems of both individual and public health concern in the United States. Antibiotic resistance occurs at an alarming and increasing rate among all classes of mammalian pathogens. Moreover, diseases once thought to be near eradication from the developed world-for example, tuberculosis, cholera, and rheumatic fever-have rebounded with renewed intensity. Currently in its 36th year, the Infectious Disease and Basic Microbiological Mechanisms training program maintains as its primary goal the training of scientists who have a career goal of solving medically relevant problems and who elect rigorous laboratory or epidemiologic training in any of the Harvard adult infectious disease programs or other Harvard-based institutions participating in this program. Over the past 36 years, the program has successfully trained leaders in academic medicine and investigators who have made important contributions to the field. In this competing resubmission application, we propose an additional five years of funding and to maintain the training program at its current level of eight postdoctoral trainees slots per year. We will use these slots to provide support directly to selected infectious disease physician fellows during mentored research, and to also provide support to selected Ph.D. trainees in Harvard Medical School infectious disease and microbiology laboratories focused on areas that have significant clinical relevance, so as to support the rich research- training environment for physician-scientists within these laboratories and to provide these Ph.D. trainees intensive exposure to medically-trained clinically-active researchers. Training will include a minimum of two years of mentored research with hands-on in-laboratory training, appropriate advanced non-degree-granting post-graduate coursework, attendance and participation of trainees at regular meetings and seminars of direct relevance to infectious disease and microbiology research, and instruction in the preparation of competitive proposals for funding, with a particular emphasis on applications for K and other career development awards, including foundation awards. The specific aims of this training program are as follows: 1. To acquire sufficient training in basic laboratory or epidemiologic techniques and approaches to conduct effective leading edge research into relevant infectious disease problems; 2. To foster the creation of important scientific contributions by means of strong and longitudinal mentorship by program faculty; and 3. To develop a primary research focus and a broad understanding of infectious diseases and microbiology, so as to both enable novel interdisciplinary research and lead to independence.