Biopsychosocial determinants of sleep and wellbeing for teens in Fragile Families

描述(申请人提供)：社会经济劣势与减少睡眠时间和睡眠质量的心理社会和物理环境有关。这些睡眠差异的累积效应可能会导致儿童和青少年在关键发展轨迹上的社会差异。这项拟议的研究将利用脆弱家庭研究(FFS)来调查青少年睡眠的生物、心理和社会决定因素，以及童年时期不同的睡眠轨迹对肥胖和抑郁症差异的影响程度。作为FFS 15岁人群的一项辅助研究，这项应用提供了一个难得的机会来研究具有良好特征的主要高危青少年的全国队列自出生以来的睡眠模式。在目标1中，我们试图评估早期睡眠相关行为与青少年睡眠的长期关联。我们假设，在儿童时期经常使用与年龄相适应的就寝时间并保持一致的就寝时间与青少年的发育年龄和更好的睡眠质量有关。在目标2中，我们将确定青少年睡眠的一系列生物、心理和社会决定因素的相对重要性，包括学校、社区、家庭和遗传因素。虽然睡眠和昼夜节律基因变异已经显示出与成年人的睡眠模式有关，但到目前为止还没有研究调查青少年睡眠的遗传学。在目标3中，我们估计了睡眠不足和低质量的轨迹如何预测青春期的生物和心理结果。我们假设，睡眠时间较短、睡眠质量较低的儿童更容易肥胖，并报告抑郁/抑郁症状。目的研究体力活动和屏幕时间暴露对青少年睡眠、肥胖和抑郁的直接和间接影响。为了达到这些目的，首先，我们将在对整个FFS青少年样本(n~3600)的多维度访谈中加入与睡眠相关的问题。这些问题涉及睡眠持续时间、睡眠时间、睡眠质量、就寝行为(例如就寝时的技术)和开学时间。其次，我们将收集1000名青少年参与者为期一周的手腕和髋关节活动数据，以便除了体力活动外，直接监测睡眠时间、持续时间和质量。在同一周内，参与者将提供为期一周的多媒体曝光日记。第三，我们将对以前收集的唾液样本(n~2800)进行睡眠和昼夜节律候选基因的基因分型。这些额外的睡眠、体力活动和屏幕时间暴露信息来源将与FFS的丰富数据收集工作合并在一起，这将是对美国出生儿童的健康和发育进行时间最长的人群研究之一。这一应用将把多学科研究整合到迄今为止最彻底的基于行动的调查中，调查儿童和青少年睡眠模式的社会和生态决定因素，并进一步提出一种新的方法来了解健康方面的社会差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with psychosocial and physical environments that reduce sleep duration and sleep quality. The cumulative effects of these differences in sleep may contribute to social disparities in critical developmental trajectories for children and adolescents. The proposed research will investigate the biopsychosocial determinants of adolescent sleep, and the extent to which differential sleep trajectories during childhood contribute to differences in obesity and depression using the Fragile Families Study (FFS). As an ancillary study to the FFS age 15 wave, this application provides a rare opportunity to study sleep patterns in a well-characterized national cohort of primarily at-risk adolescents followed since birth. In Aim 1, we seek to estimate the long-term associations of early sleep-related behaviors with adolescent sleep. We hypothesize that the regular use of age-appropriate bedtimes with consistent bedtime routines during childhood is associated with adequate sleep duration for developmental age and better sleep quality among adolescents. In Aim 2, we will identify the relative importance of a range of biopsychosocial determinants of adolescent sleep, including school, community, family, and genetic factors. While sleep and circadian gene variants have shown associations with sleep patterns in adults, no research to date has investigated the genetics of adolescent sleep. In Aim 3, we estimate how trajectories of insufficient and low-quality sleep predict biological and psychological outcomes in adolescence. We hypothesize that children with shorter sleep duration and lower quality sleep are more likely to obese and report depression/depressive symptoms. Aim 4 investigates the direct and indirect effects of physical activity and screen time exposure on adolescent sleep, obesity, and depression. To achieve these aims, first we will add sleep-related questions to the multidimensional interview of the entire FFS adolescent sample (n~3,600). These questions address sleep duration, sleep timing, sleep quality, bedtime behaviors (e.g., technology at bedtime), and school start times. Second, we will collect one week of wrist and hip actigraphic data on 1,000 adolescent participants in order to directly monitor sleep timing, duration, and quality in addition to physical activity. During this same week, participants will provide a one-week multimedia exposure diary. Third, we will genotype the previously collected saliva samples (n~2800) for sleep and circadian candidate genes. These sources of additional sleep, physical activity, and screen time exposure information will be merged with the rich data collection efforts from FFS, which will be one of the longest-running population-based studies of health and development of children born in the US. This application will integrate multidisciplinary research into the most thorough actigraphy-based investigation to date of the social and ecological determinants of child and adolescent sleep patterns and further a novel approach for understanding social disparities in health.