Bench Scale Studies of Novel In-situ Aquifer Remediation of Recalcitrant Fluorinated Organic Compounds at Superfund Sites

超级基金地点顽固氟化有机化合物新型原位含水层修复的实验室规模研究

• 批准号: 9409532
• 负责人: Raymond G. Ball
• 金额: $ 14.93万
• 依托单位: ENCHEM ENGINEERING, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9409532
• 关键词: Achievement; Adsorption; Aerobic; Air; Amendment; Anaerobic Bacteria; Area; Biodegradation; Carbon; Chemicals; Chemistry; Complex; Data; Department of Defense; Diffuse; Engineering; Environment; Excision; Film; Fire - disasters; Flushing; Formulation; Funding; Gases; Goals; Health; High temperature of physical object; Hydrolysis; In Situ; Incineration; Infusion procedures; Injection of therapeutic agent; Laboratories; Legal patent; Methods; Military Personnel; Mission; Natural regeneration; Oxidants; Ozone; Periodicity; Phase; Principal Investigator; Process; Property; Pump; Reagent; Research; Resistance; Site; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Soil; Source; Superfund; Surface; Surface Tension; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Water; Water Supply; Work; alkalinity; anthropogenesis; aqueous; base; combat; commercialization; cost; cost effective; cost efficient; design; drinking water; experimental study; global health; health organization; innovation; new technology; novel; phase 1 study; photolysis; pollutant; process optimization; programs; remediation; residence; sugar; superfund site

Project Summary/Abstract: Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil and groundwater are currently remediated by extracting the contaminated groundwater for ex-situ treatment via adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC) or other sorbents which only transfers contaminants to another media that still needs to be treated. This is a very long-term and expensive process because 1) it takes decades for the sorbed PFAS on soil to be extracted via groundwater pump and treat (P&T), and 2) the carbon must be changed frequently and 3) treatment (by high temperature regeneration or incineration) is costly. In addition, P&T technology may never achieve EPA Health Advisory concentrations in the aquifer. PFAS are fluorinated anthropogenic pollutants that the USEPA and global health organizations have identified as toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative and highly recalcitrant, being largely resistant to hydrolysis, photolysis, and biodegradation. PFAS were used in many products, including aqueous film- forming foams to combat chemical fires. The use of these foams at military and civilian fire training areas represents a common source of PFAS to the environment. They have been identified in surface waters and they persist in groundwater years after use and are mobile in the subsurface, contaminating and threatening drinking water supplies. As of 2014, the U.S. Department of Defense alone has identified 664 fire/crash/training sites alone that potentially have PFAS contamination. Thus, there is a critical need for a more cost-effective and in-situ remediation approach for remediating PFAS contaminated sites that will only increase in the coming years. Our team will further develop and demonstrate an innovative combined in-situ / ex-situ technology to cost-effectively expedite treatment of PFAS at Superfund sites. The proposed treatment train combines 1) a non-toxic cyclic sugar (CS) to flush sorbed PFAS from the in-situ soil, 2) extraction of the CS-PFAS complex with groundwater and treatment in a high efficiency (99+ % removal) ex-situ reactor that simultaneously degrades, removes, and concentrates (100-1000 times) the PFAS, 3) ultimate on-site destruction by alkaline ozonation (99+% removal), and 4) returns the treated water with low concentration CS amendment to injection wells for continued flushing. The ex-situ treatment reactor can also be used as pre-treatment to existing GAC. Bench scale tests will be used to evaluate those parameters needed to optimize PFAS desorption from soil, destruction of the extracted CS-PFAS complex in the ex-situ reactor, and ultimate destruction of the PFAS concentrate by alkaline ozonation. Batch soil column and small scale multi- staged diffused gas reactor experiments are planned. Test conditions include varying CS and oxidant concentrations, flowrates, pH, residence time, and PFAS removal rates. Design of a site-specific field pilot test for PFAS treatment with estimated costs will be prepared. 1

项目摘要/摘要：土壤和地下水中的多氟烷基物质(PFAS) 目前通过提取受污染的地下水进行吸附异地处理来修复 到颗粒活性碳(GAC)或其他只将污染物转移到另一个的吸附剂上 仍然需要治疗的媒体。这是一个非常长期和昂贵的过程，因为1)它需要 通过地下水抽水和处理(P&T)提取土壤中吸附的全氟辛烷磺酸数十年，以及2) 碳必须经常更换和3)处理(通过高温再生或焚烧) 是很昂贵的。此外，P&T技术可能永远不会达到EPA健康咨询在 含水层。全氟辛烷磺酸是美国环保局和全球卫生组织 已被鉴定为有毒、持久性、生物蓄积性和高度顽固性，基本上对 水解、光解和生物降解。全氟辛烷磺酸被用于许多产品，包括水性薄膜- 形成泡沫以扑灭化学火灾。这些泡沫在军事和民用消防训练中的使用 区域是全氟辛烷磺酸对环境的共同来源。它们已在地面上被确认 水，它们在使用多年后仍留在地下水中，并在地下流动，污染 并威胁到饮用水供应。截至2014年，仅美国国防部就有 仅确定了664个可能存在全氟辛烷磺酸污染的火灾/坠毁/培训地点。因此，有一个 迫切需要一种更具成本效益的就地补救方法来补救全氟辛烷磺酸 受污染的场地在未来几年只会增加。我们的团队将进一步发展和 展示一种创新的原位/非原位相结合的技术，以经济高效的方式加速治疗 超级基金网站上的全氟辛烷磺酸。建议的治疗方案结合了1)一种无毒环糖(CS)，以 从原位土壤中冲洗吸附的PFAS，2)CS-PFAS与地下水和 在高效(99%+去除)的异地反应器中处理，该反应器同时降解、去除、 和浓缩(100-1000倍于全氟辛烷磺酸)，3)碱性臭氧氧化的最终现场破坏 (99%+%去除)，以及4)将低浓度CS修饰剂的处理水返回注射 用于持续冲洗的油井。异地处理反应器也可作为既有污水的前处理 广汽集团。将使用实验室规模测试来评估优化PFAS所需的参数 从土壤中解吸，在非原位反应器中破坏提取的CS-PFAS络合物，并最终 碱性臭氧氧化对全氟辛烷磺酸浓缩物的破坏间歇式土柱与小型多管齐下 计划进行分阶段的扩散气体反应堆实验。测试条件包括变化的CS和氧化剂 浓度、流量、pH、停留时间和全氟辛烷磺酸的去除速率。场地特定字段的设计 将准备PFAS处理的试验性测试，并估计成本。 1