Bench Scale Studies of Novel In-situ Aquifer Remediation of Recalcitrant Fluorinated Organic Compounds at Superfund Sites

超级基金地点顽固氟化有机化合物新型原位含水层修复的实验室规模研究

• 批准号: 9409532
• 负责人: Raymond G. Ball
• 金额: $ 14.93万
• 依托单位: ENCHEM ENGINEERING, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9409532
• 关键词: Achievement; Adsorption; Aerobic; Air; Amendment; Anaerobic Bacteria; Area; Biodegradation; Carbon; Chemicals; Chemistry; Complex; Data; Department of Defense; Diffuse; Engineering; Environment; Excision; Film; Fire - disasters; Flushing; Formulation; Funding; Gases; Goals; Health; High temperature of physical object; Hydrolysis; In Situ; Incineration; Infusion procedures; Injection of therapeutic agent; Laboratories; Legal patent; Methods; Military Personnel; Mission; Natural regeneration; Oxidants; Ozone; Periodicity; Phase; Principal Investigator; Process; Property; Pump; Reagent; Research; Resistance; Site; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Soil; Source; Superfund; Surface; Surface Tension; System; Technology; Testing; Time; Training; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Water; Water Supply; Work; alkalinity; anthropogenesis; aqueous; base; combat; commercialization; cost; cost effective; cost efficient; design; drinking water; experimental study; global health; health organization; innovation; new technology; novel; phase 1 study; photolysis; pollutant; process optimization; programs; remediation; residence; sugar; superfund site

Project Summary/Abstract: Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil and groundwater are currently remediated by extracting the contaminated groundwater for ex-situ treatment via adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC) or other sorbents which only transfers contaminants to another media that still needs to be treated. This is a very long-term and expensive process because 1) it takes decades for the sorbed PFAS on soil to be extracted via groundwater pump and treat (P&T), and 2) the carbon must be changed frequently and 3) treatment (by high temperature regeneration or incineration) is costly. In addition, P&T technology may never achieve EPA Health Advisory concentrations in the aquifer. PFAS are fluorinated anthropogenic pollutants that the USEPA and global health organizations have identified as toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative and highly recalcitrant, being largely resistant to hydrolysis, photolysis, and biodegradation. PFAS were used in many products, including aqueous film- forming foams to combat chemical fires. The use of these foams at military and civilian fire training areas represents a common source of PFAS to the environment. They have been identified in surface waters and they persist in groundwater years after use and are mobile in the subsurface, contaminating and threatening drinking water supplies. As of 2014, the U.S. Department of Defense alone has identified 664 fire/crash/training sites alone that potentially have PFAS contamination. Thus, there is a critical need for a more cost-effective and in-situ remediation approach for remediating PFAS contaminated sites that will only increase in the coming years. Our team will further develop and demonstrate an innovative combined in-situ / ex-situ technology to cost-effectively expedite treatment of PFAS at Superfund sites. The proposed treatment train combines 1) a non-toxic cyclic sugar (CS) to flush sorbed PFAS from the in-situ soil, 2) extraction of the CS-PFAS complex with groundwater and treatment in a high efficiency (99+ % removal) ex-situ reactor that simultaneously degrades, removes, and concentrates (100-1000 times) the PFAS, 3) ultimate on-site destruction by alkaline ozonation (99+% removal), and 4) returns the treated water with low concentration CS amendment to injection wells for continued flushing. The ex-situ treatment reactor can also be used as pre-treatment to existing GAC. Bench scale tests will be used to evaluate those parameters needed to optimize PFAS desorption from soil, destruction of the extracted CS-PFAS complex in the ex-situ reactor, and ultimate destruction of the PFAS concentrate by alkaline ozonation. Batch soil column and small scale multi- staged diffused gas reactor experiments are planned. Test conditions include varying CS and oxidant concentrations, flowrates, pH, residence time, and PFAS removal rates. Design of a site-specific field pilot test for PFAS treatment with estimated costs will be prepared. 1

项目摘要/摘要：土壤和地下水中的多氟烷基物质（PFA）是 目前通过提取受污染的地下水以通过吸附来治疗被污染的地下水进行修复 进入颗粒状活化碳（GAC）或其他仅将污染物转移到另一种的吸附剂 仍然需要对待的媒体。这是一个非常长期且昂贵的过程，因为1）需要 通过地下水泵和治疗（P＆T）提取土壤上吸附的PFA的数十年，以及2） 必须经常更换碳和3）治疗（通过高温再生或焚化） 是昂贵的。此外，P＆T技术可能永远不会在 含水层。 PFA是USEPA和全球卫生组织的氟化的人为污染物 已确定为有毒，持续，生物蓄积和高度顽固的人，在很大程度上具有抵抗力 水解，光解和生物降解。 PFA用于许多产品，包括水性膜 - 形成泡沫以对抗化学火灾。在军事和平民消防训练中使用这些泡沫 区域代表了环境的普通PFA来源。它们在表面上被鉴定 水和它们在使用后的地下水中持续存在，并且在地下移动，污染了 并威胁饮用水供应。截至2014年，仅美国国防部就已经 仅确定了664个火灾/崩溃/训练站点，这些网站可能会污染PFAS。因此，有一个 对PFA进行更具成本效益和原位补救方法的批判性需求 受污染的地点只会在未来几年增加。我们的团队将进一步发展和 展示一种创新的原位 /前原位技术，以成本效益加快治疗 超级基金站点的PFA。提出的治疗列车结合了1）无毒的环状糖（CS） 从原位土壤中抽吸的PFA，2）用地下水和地下水提取CS-PFAS综合体 在高效率（99％以上的去除）的前坐标反应器中处理，同时降解，去除， PFAS和浓缩物（100-1000次），3）碱性臭氧化的最终现场破坏 （99+％去除），4）以低浓度CS修正为注射后将处理过的水归还给处理的水 井继续冲洗。前坐骨治疗反应堆也可以用作现有的预处理 GAC。基准标尺测试将用于评估优化PFA所需的参数 从土壤中解吸，毁灭前坐标反应器中提取的CS-PFA复合物以及最终 PFAS浓缩物通过碱性臭氧的破坏。批处理柱和小规模多 计划进行分阶段扩散的气体反应堆实验。测试条件包括不同的CS和氧化剂 浓度，流量，pH，停留时间和PFA的去除率。特定场地的设计 PFAS治疗的试点测试将准备估计成本。 1