Neural coding of interneuron populations in the retina

视网膜中间神经元群的神经编码

• 批准号: 9189613
• 负责人: STEPHEN A BACCUS
• 金额: $ 39.98万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-01 至 2019-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9189613
• 关键词: Address; Age related macular degeneration; Amacrine Cells; Anatomy; Back; Behavior; Brain; Cells; Code; Complex; Disease; Electrodes; Eye Movements; Goals; Image; Individual; Interneurons; Knowledge; Measurement; Measures; Motion; Neurons; Optics; Output; Perception; Physiological; Physiology; Play; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Property; Prosthesis; Research; Resolution; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retinitis Pigmentosa; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Synapses; System; Testing; Variant; Vision; Visual; Visual Motion; Work; cell type; experimental study; ganglion cell; inhibitory neuron; luminance; neural circuit; novel; novel strategies; optical imaging; photoreceptor degeneration; public health relevance; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; retinal prosthesis; sensory input; statistics; therapy design; visual information; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Like many neural circuits of the brain, the retina is composed of a network of cells with greatly varying anatomical and physiological properties. The most diverse types of cells, both in the retina and cortex, are inhibitory interneurons. Retina amacrine cells comprise over thirty types and influence the responses of ganglion cells, the output cells of the retina. Although the anatomy and physiology of amacrine cells have long been studied, there is little understanding as to whether they have specific and distinct roles, rather than each serving a similar, general function. A substantial barrier to the understanding of inhibitory interneurons has been technical limitations on studying single cells among a diverse population. This proposal seeks to characterize the population of inhibitory amacrine cells using a novel approach to optically record the visual responses of the amacrine cell population while simultaneously recording populations of ganglion cells using an electrode array. This project focuses on responses to moving visual stimuli, which are ecologically important and critical to behavior and perception. The first aim of this proposal will measure the responses of a nearly complete amacrine population to moving stimuli and compare these with simultaneously recorded responses in the ganglion cell population. By measuring the similarity in responses between amacrine and ganglion cell populations, these experiments will test the hypothesis that amacrine cells are divided into two broad classes: one that resembles the more simple bipolar cell representation and one that is more tightly correlated with specific retinal ganglion cells. Te second aim of this proposal uses optical imaging and simultaneous intracellular and multielectrode recording to test the hypothesis that amacrine cells inhibit ganglion cells that the are correlated with under visual motion, despite the wide variation of preferred visual stimuli across amacrine cells. Finally, the third aim of this proposal will take advantage of our novel approach of directly perturbing individual interneurons intracellularly to test whether many types of amacrine cells act to reduce correlations in the ganglion cell population for different types of natural stimuli, thus creating an efficient representation of the visual scene. These studies will not only add to the knowledge of how an inhibitory population represents and transforms visual information, but will also test general principles applicable to all neural circuits. The results wll have immediate applicability to the emerging field of retinal prostheses. The objective of a retinal prosthesis system is to treat prevalent diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa by replacing the function of the damaged retina with a high-resolution electronic circuit. Measurements of the retinal neural code and the computations that are performed will be directly useful for incorporation into these prostheses systems.

描述（由申请人提供）：像大脑的许多神经回路一样，视网膜由具有较大解剖学和生理特性的细胞网络组成。视网膜和皮质中最多样化的细胞是抑制性神经元。视网膜肿瘤细胞包含30种类型，并影响神经节细胞的反应，即视网膜的输出细胞。尽管长期研究了无结向细胞的解剖学和生理学，但对它们是否具有特定和独特的作用，而不是每个具有相似的一般功能的理解。理解的重大障碍 抑制性中间神经元一直是研究多种人群中单个细胞的技术局限性。该建议旨在使用一种新型方法来表征抑制性无长血管细胞的种群，以光学地记录无长血管细胞群体的视觉反应，同时使用电极阵列记录神经节细胞的种群。 该项目的重点是对移动视觉刺激的反应，这些刺激在生态上很重要，对行为和感知至关重要。该提案的第一个目的是衡量几乎完整的无链氨酸群体对移动刺激的反应，并将其与神经节细胞种群中记录的响应同时进行比较。通过测量两极分析和神经节细胞种群之间的反应相似性，这些实验将测试一个假说，即聚作用细胞分为两个广泛的类别：一种类似于更简单的双极细胞表示，一个与特定的视网膜神经节细胞更紧密相关。该提案的第二个目的使用光学成像和同时进行细胞内和多电极记录来检验以下假设：尽管跨amocrine细胞，尽管优选的视觉刺激呈广泛差异，但两性细胞抑制了神经节细胞与视觉运动相关的神经节细胞。最后，该提案的第三个目标将利用我们的新方法直接扰动细胞内的单个神经元，以测试多种类型的无链氨麦细胞是否作用以减少神经节细胞中的相关性，以减少不同类型的不同类型 自然刺激，从而对视觉场景产生有效的表示。 这些研究会 不仅增加了抑制性人群如何代表和转化视觉信息的知识，还将测试适用于所有神经回路的一般原则。结果将立即适用于视网膜假体的新兴领域。视网膜假体系统的目的是通过用高分辨率电子回路代替受损的视网膜的功能，以治疗流行的疾病，例如与年龄相关的黄斑变性和色素性视网膜炎。视网膜神经代码和执行的计算的测量将直接用于将这些假体系统纳入。