Neurostimulation by Ultrasound: Physical Biophysical and Neural Mechanisms

超声神经刺激：物理生物物理和神经机制

• 批准号: 10709771
• 负责人: STEPHEN A BACCUS
• 金额: $ 95.8万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10709771
• 关键词: Neurostimulation; Ultrasound; Physical; Biophysical; Neural

PROJECT SUMMARY The goal of this project is to understand the neurobiological underpinnings of the effects of ultrasound (US) on neural activity. US can modify action potential activity in neurons in vitro and in vivo without damaging neural tissue. This phenomenon can be applied in powerful new tools for basic and clinical neuroscience, with broad impact on public health issues related to mental and neurological disorders. To guide use of this new tool, our research will provide insight into the physical, biophysical and neural mechanisms underlying US neuromodulation. Our approach is unique in applying and integrating mechanistic studies of US neuromodulation at levels of complexity ranging from the single cell to the whole animal. We aim to understand the relationship between US 1) the physical processes that transform acoustic energy to effects on biological systems and the resulting measurable physical variables (Aim 1), 2) the biophysical transduction processes together with the resulting measurable biophysical effects (Aim 2) 3) the subsequent neural integration processes that lead to the final output of the neural system or behavior (Aim 3). We will address these questions in experiments across three model systems (the in vivo mouse model, in vitro salamander and mouse retina, and single hippocampal pyramidal cells in acute and cultured brain slices), focusing on hypotheses guided by our results thus far. US neuromodulation is likely to have significant impact on public health. Brain stimulation therapies are used to treat Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and epilepsy and hold promise for many others. Compared to current brain stimulation techniques that rely on invasive implanted electrodes or have limited spatial resolution and depth penetration (e.g., transcranial magnetic stimulation), US offers an ideal combination of spatial resolution, depth penetration, and non-invasiveness. US neuromodulation can also be implemented in prosthetic devices; for example, to stimulate retinal circuitry to restore vision. In addition, US neuromodulation promises to become an enormously useful research tool in basic neuroscience, and it is therefore relevant to all mental and neurological disorders of public health concern. However, all these outcomes depend on the ability to apply US neuromodulation with well-controlled, predictable results. Achieving this goal requires a detailed mechanistic understanding of US neuromodulation that our multidisciplinary research project will provide.

项目摘要 这个项目的目标是了解超声波作用的神经生物学基础 (US)神经活动。超声可在体内外改变神经元的动作电位活动，而不损伤神经元 神经组织这种现象可以应用于基础和临床神经科学的强大新工具， 对与精神和神经疾病有关的公共卫生问题产生广泛影响。为了指导使用这个新的 工具，我们的研究将提供深入了解物理，生物物理和神经机制的基础上， 神经调节 我们的方法是独特的应用和整合机制的研究，美国神经调节水平 从单个细胞到整个动物的复杂性。我们的目标是了解 US 1）将声能转化为对生物系统的影响的物理过程， 可测量的物理变量（目标1），2）生物物理转导过程以及由此产生的 可测量的生物物理效应（目标2）3）随后的神经整合过程，导致最终的 神经系统或行为的输出（目标3）。我们将在三个实验中解决这些问题。 模型系统（体内小鼠模型，体外蝾螈和小鼠视网膜，以及单个海马 急性和培养的脑切片中的锥体细胞），重点是迄今为止我们的结果指导的假设。 美国神经调节可能对公共卫生产生重大影响。脑刺激疗法是 用于治疗帕金森氏病、肌张力障碍和癫痫，并对许多其他疾病有希望。相比 当前的脑刺激技术依赖于侵入性植入电极或具有有限的空间分辨率 和深度穿透（例如，经颅磁刺激），US提供了一个理想的空间组合， 分辨率、深度穿透和非侵入性。US神经调节也可以在 修复装置;例如，刺激视网膜回路以恢复视力。此外，美国神经调节 有望成为基础神经科学中非常有用的研究工具，因此它与 所有涉及公共卫生的精神和神经疾病。然而，所有这些结果都取决于 应用US神经调节的能力，具有良好的受控、可预测的结果。实现这一目标需要一个 我们的多学科研究项目将详细了解美国神经调节的机制， 提供.