Sensory-motor integration in the auditory dorsal stream

听觉背侧流中的感觉运动整合

• 批准号: 9178657
• 负责人: JOSEF P RAUSCHECKER
• 金额: $ 53.18万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9178657
• 关键词: Acoustics; Agreement; Anatomy; Anterolateral; Aphasia; Apraxias; Area; Ataxia; Auditory; Auditory Perceptual Disorders; Auditory area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Clip; Cognition; Consensus; Data; Devices; Disease; Distant; Dorsal; Dysarthria; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hearing; Human; Image; Inferior; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Link; Location; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Music; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Property; Role; Sensory; Sensory Disorders; Signal Transduction; Site; Speech; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; auditory processing; awake; base; design; improved; instrument; motor disorder; multi-electrode arrays; multisensory; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; public health relevance; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; sensory system; sound; visual motor

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Two cortical pathways originate from primary core areas of auditory cortex: a ventral pathway subserving identification of sounds, and a dorsal pathway, which was originally defined - similar to the visual system - as a processing stream for space and motion. We have recently proposed that this dorsal pathway should be redefined in a wider sense as a processing stream for sensorimotor integration and control (Rauschecker, 2011). This broader function explicitly includes spatial processing but also extends to the processing of temporal sequences, including spoken speech and musical melodies in humans. In this project, we will test the expanded model of the auditory dorsal stream by training rhesus monkeys to produce fixed sound sequences on a newly designed behavioral apparatus ("monkey piano"). By pressing a lever the monkey will produce a musical tone of a specific pitch; by pressing several levers in succession, the monkey will produce a melody. After a monkey has learned to reliably play the same melody, we will perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of auditory-responsive brain regions in the awake monkey while it listens to the learned self-generated sequence. Control stimuli include melodies the monkey has been passively exposed to by listening to another monkey play for the same amount of time, and novel melodies that the monkey never heard before. Preliminary data suggest that areas activated by the self-generated melody include a region in inferior parietal cortex as well as one focus each in dorsal and ventral premotor cortex. The locations of activated regions will guide subsequent electrophysiological recording with linear microelectrode arrays (LMAs). Each recording site will be tested with the same sequences. Next we will record neuronal responses in premotor cortex to passive listening of the sound sequences and compare them to neuronal activity obtained when the monkey actively produces the sequence with and without sound. Finally, we will add video of a monkey playing the sound sequence on the monkey piano and study multisensory interactions along the dorsal stream using fMRI and LMAs. In particular, responses in caudal auditory belt and parabelt will be compared with those in inferior parietal and premotor cortex in simultaneous recordings. Our studies, using alert monkeys trained in a behavioral task, will contribute to the understanding of unified principles of perception and cognition across sensory systems and their interactions with the motor system. Investigating the auditory dorsal stream in a nonhuman primate will provide valuable information about the evolution of speech and music in humans. Our studies are highly relevant for higher-order processing disorders of audition and speech, such as dysarthria, apraxia of speech, aphasia and specific language disorders which involve inadequate coordination between sensory and motor systems. The results will also improve our understanding of disorders of sensory-motor integration, such as ataxia, which may be caused by stroke or neurodegenerative disease, thus, leading to better therapies and rehabilitation strategies.

 描述（由申请人提供）：两条皮层通路源自听觉皮层的主要核心区域：一条腹侧通路用于识别声音，另一条背侧通路最初被定义为-类似于视觉系统-作为空间和运动的处理流。我们最近提出，应该在更广泛的意义上重新定义背侧通路，将其定义为感觉运动整合和控制的处理流（Rauschecker，2011）。这个更广泛的功能明确地包括空间处理，但也扩展到时间序列的处理，包括人类的口语和音乐旋律。在这个项目中，我们将通过训练恒河猴在一个新设计的行为装置（“猴子钢琴”）上产生固定的声音序列来测试听觉背流的扩展模型。按下一个杠杆，猴子会发出一种特定音高的音调;连续按下几个杠杆，猴子会发出一种旋律。在猴子学会可靠地演奏相同的旋律后，我们将对清醒的猴子在听学习的自我生成序列时的大脑反应区域进行功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）。控制刺激包括猴子通过听另一只猴子演奏相同时间而被动接触的旋律，以及猴子以前从未听过的新旋律。初步数据表明，自发旋律激活的区域包括顶叶下皮层的一个区域，以及背侧和腹侧运动前皮层的一个焦点。激活区域的位置将指导随后的电生理记录与线性微电极阵列（LMA）。将使用相同序列对每个记录部位进行检测。接下来，我们将记录运动前皮层对被动聆听声音序列的神经元反应，并将它们与猴子主动发出有声音和没有声音的序列时获得的神经元活动进行比较。最后，我们将添加猴子在猴子钢琴上演奏声音序列的视频，并使用fMRI和LMAs研究沿着背流的多感官相互作用。特别是，在尾部听觉带和parabelt的反应将进行比较，在下顶叶和运动前皮层的同时记录。我们的研究，使用在行为任务中训练的警觉猴子，将有助于理解感知和认知的统一原则，跨越感觉系统及其与运动系统的相互作用。研究非人类灵长类动物的听觉背流将为人类语言和音乐的进化提供有价值的信息。我们的研究与听觉和言语的高阶处理障碍高度相关，例如构音障碍、言语失用症、失语症和涉及感觉和运动系统之间协调不足的特定语言障碍。这些结果还将提高我们对感觉运动整合障碍的理解，例如共济失调，这可能是由中风或神经退行性疾病引起的，从而导致更好的治疗和康复策略。