Sensory-motor integration in the auditory dorsal stream

听觉背侧流中的感觉运动整合

• 批准号: 10171668
• 负责人: JOSEF P RAUSCHECKER
• 金额: $ 7.78万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10171668
• 关键词: Acoustics; Agreement; Anatomy; Anterolateral; Aphasia; Apraxias; Area; Ataxia; Auditory; Auditory Perceptual Disorders; Auditory area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Clip; Cognition; Consensus; Data; Devices; Disease; Distant; Dorsal; Dysarthria; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Exposure to; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hearing; Human; Image; Inferior; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Link; Location; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Music; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Property; Role; Sensory; Sensory Disorders; Signal Transduction; Site; Speech; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; auditory processing; awake; base; design; improved; instrument; multi-electrode arrays; multisensory; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; sensory system; sound; visual motor

Project Summary/Abstract Two cortical pathways originate from primary core areas of auditory cortex: a ventral pathway subserving identification of sounds, and a dorsal pathway, which was originally defined – similar to the visual system – as a processing stream for space and motion. We have recently proposed that this dorsal pathway should be redefined in a wider sense as a processing stream for sensorimotor integration and control (Rauschecker, 2011). This broader function explicitly includes spatial processing but also extends to the processing of temporal sequences, including spoken speech and musical melodies in humans. In this project, we will test the expanded model of the auditory dorsal stream by training rhesus monkeys to produce fixed sound sequences on a newly designed behavioral apparatus (“monkey piano”). By pressing a lever the monkey will produce a musical tone of a specific pitch; by pressing several levers in succession, the monkey will produce a melody. After a monkey has learned to reliably play the same melody, we will perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of auditory-responsive brain regions in the awake monkey while it listens to the learned self-generated sequence. Control stimuli include melodies the monkey has been passively exposed to by listening to another monkey play for the same amount of time, and novel melodies that the monkey never heard before. Preliminary data suggest that areas activated by the self-generated melody include a region in inferior parietal cortex as well as one focus each in dorsal and ventral premotor cortex. The locations of activated regions will guide subsequent electrophysiological recording with linear microelectrode arrays (LMAs). Each recording site will be tested with the same sequences. Next we will record neuronal responses in premotor cortex to passive listening of the sound sequences and compare them to neuronal activity obtained when the monkey actively produces the sequence with and without sound. Finally, we will add video of a monkey playing the sound sequence on the monkey piano and study multisensory interactions along the dorsal stream using fMRI and LMAs. In particular, responses in caudal auditory belt and parabelt will be compared with those in inferior parietal and premotor cortex in simultaneous recordings. Our studies, using alert monkeys trained in a behavioral task, will contribute to the understanding of unified principles of perception and cognition across sensory systems and their interactions with the motor system. Investigating the auditory dorsal stream in a nonhuman primate will provide valuable information about the evolution of speech and music in humans. Our studies are highly relevant for higher–order processing disorders of audition and speech, such as dysarthria, apraxia of speech, aphasia and specific language disorders which involve inadequate coordination between sensory and motor systems. The results will also improve our understanding of disorders of sensory-motor integration, such as ataxia, which may be caused by stroke or neurodegenerative disease, thus, leading to better therapies and rehabilitation strategies.

项目总结/摘要 听皮层初级核心区有两条皮层通路：腹侧通路 识别声音，和背侧通路，这是最初定义-类似于视觉系统-作为一个 处理空间和运动的流。我们最近提出，这条背侧通路应该是 在更广泛的意义上重新定义为感觉运动整合和控制的处理流（Rauschecker，2011）。 这个更广泛的功能明确地包括空间处理，但也扩展到时间处理。 序列，包括人类的口语和音乐旋律。在这个项目中，我们将测试扩展的 听觉背流模型，通过训练恒河猴在新的 设计的行为装置（“猴子钢琴”）。通过按压杠杆，猴子将产生一种音乐音调， 一个特定的音高;通过连续按下几个杠杆，猴子会产生一个旋律。当一只猴子 学会可靠地演奏同一旋律，我们将进行功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）， 清醒的猴子在听学习到的自我生成序列时，大脑中的神经反应区域。 控制刺激包括猴子通过听另一只猴子演奏而被动接触的旋律 同样的时间，和猴子从未听过的新奇的旋律。初步数据表明 自发旋律激活的区域包括顶叶皮层下的一个区域， 分别位于背侧和腹侧前运动皮层激活区域的位置将指导随后的 线性微电极阵列（LMA）的电生理记录。每个记录点将进行测试， 相同的序列。接下来，我们将记录被动听声音时前运动皮层的神经元反应 序列，并将它们与猴子主动产生序列时获得的神经元活动进行比较 有没有声音最后，我们将添加视频的猴子发挥的声音序列的猴子钢琴 并使用功能性磁共振成像和LMAs研究背侧流的多感觉沿着相互作用。特别是， 尾侧听觉带和副带将与下顶叶和运动前皮层的比较， 同步录音。 我们的研究，使用经过行为任务训练的警觉猴子，将有助于理解统一的 感知和认知的原则，跨感觉系统及其与运动系统的相互作用。 研究非人灵长类动物的听觉背流将提供有关听觉背流的有价值的信息。 人类语言和音乐的进化我们的研究与高级加工障碍高度相关 听力和言语的障碍，如构音障碍、言语失用症、失语症和特定的语言障碍， 包括感觉和运动系统之间的协调不足。结果也将改善我们的 了解感觉运动整合障碍，如共济失调，这可能是由中风或 神经退行性疾病，从而导致更好的治疗和康复策略。