Sensory-motor integration in the auditory dorsal stream

听觉背侧流中的感觉运动整合

• 批准号: 10171668
• 负责人: JOSEF P RAUSCHECKER
• 金额: $ 7.78万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10171668
• 关键词: Acoustics; Agreement; Anatomy; Anterolateral; Aphasia; Apraxias; Area; Ataxia; Auditory; Auditory Perceptual Disorders; Auditory area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Clip; Cognition; Consensus; Data; Devices; Disease; Distant; Dorsal; Dysarthria; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Exposure to; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Hearing; Human; Image; Inferior; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Link; Location; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Music; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Perception; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Property; Role; Sensory; Sensory Disorders; Signal Transduction; Site; Speech; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; auditory processing; awake; base; design; improved; instrument; multi-electrode arrays; multisensory; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; sensory system; sound; visual motor

Project Summary/Abstract Two cortical pathways originate from primary core areas of auditory cortex: a ventral pathway subserving identification of sounds, and a dorsal pathway, which was originally defined – similar to the visual system – as a processing stream for space and motion. We have recently proposed that this dorsal pathway should be redefined in a wider sense as a processing stream for sensorimotor integration and control (Rauschecker, 2011). This broader function explicitly includes spatial processing but also extends to the processing of temporal sequences, including spoken speech and musical melodies in humans. In this project, we will test the expanded model of the auditory dorsal stream by training rhesus monkeys to produce fixed sound sequences on a newly designed behavioral apparatus (“monkey piano”). By pressing a lever the monkey will produce a musical tone of a specific pitch; by pressing several levers in succession, the monkey will produce a melody. After a monkey has learned to reliably play the same melody, we will perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of auditory-responsive brain regions in the awake monkey while it listens to the learned self-generated sequence. Control stimuli include melodies the monkey has been passively exposed to by listening to another monkey play for the same amount of time, and novel melodies that the monkey never heard before. Preliminary data suggest that areas activated by the self-generated melody include a region in inferior parietal cortex as well as one focus each in dorsal and ventral premotor cortex. The locations of activated regions will guide subsequent electrophysiological recording with linear microelectrode arrays (LMAs). Each recording site will be tested with the same sequences. Next we will record neuronal responses in premotor cortex to passive listening of the sound sequences and compare them to neuronal activity obtained when the monkey actively produces the sequence with and without sound. Finally, we will add video of a monkey playing the sound sequence on the monkey piano and study multisensory interactions along the dorsal stream using fMRI and LMAs. In particular, responses in caudal auditory belt and parabelt will be compared with those in inferior parietal and premotor cortex in simultaneous recordings. Our studies, using alert monkeys trained in a behavioral task, will contribute to the understanding of unified principles of perception and cognition across sensory systems and their interactions with the motor system. Investigating the auditory dorsal stream in a nonhuman primate will provide valuable information about the evolution of speech and music in humans. Our studies are highly relevant for higher–order processing disorders of audition and speech, such as dysarthria, apraxia of speech, aphasia and specific language disorders which involve inadequate coordination between sensory and motor systems. The results will also improve our understanding of disorders of sensory-motor integration, such as ataxia, which may be caused by stroke or neurodegenerative disease, thus, leading to better therapies and rehabilitation strategies.

项目概要/摘要 两条皮质通路起源于听觉皮层的主要核心区域：腹侧通路支持 声音识别和背侧通路，最初被定义为（类似于视觉系统） 空间和运动的处理流。我们最近提出这个背侧通路应该是 在更广泛的意义上重新定义为感觉运动集成和控制的处理流（Rauschecker，2011）。 这个更广泛的功能明确包括空间处理，但也扩展到时间处理 序列，包括人类的口语和音乐旋律。在这个项目中，我们将测试扩展的 通过训练恒河猴在新的机器上产生固定的声音序列来建立听觉背流模型 设计的行为装置（“猴子钢琴”）。通过按下杠杆，猴子会发出以下音乐音调： 特定的音高；通过连续按下几个杠杆，猴子就会发出一段旋律。猴子有了之后 学会可靠地演奏相同的旋律后，我们将进行功能磁共振成像（fMRI） 清醒的猴子在聆听习得的自我生成的序列时，大脑中的听觉反应区域。 控制刺激包括猴子通过听另一只猴子演奏而被动接触的旋律 同样的时间，以及猴子以前从未听过的新颖旋律。初步数据表明 由自生旋律激活的区域包括下顶叶皮层的一个区域以及一个焦点 分别位于背侧和腹侧运动前皮层。激活区域的位置将指导后续 使用线性微电极阵列（LMA）进行电生理记录。每个记录站点都将经过测试 相同的序列。接下来我们将记录前运动皮层的神经元对被动聆听声音的反应 序列并将其与猴子主动产生序列时获得的神经元活动进行比较 有声和无声。最后，我们将添加猴子在猴子钢琴上演奏声音序列的视频 并使用功能磁共振成像和 LMA 研究沿背侧流的多感官相互作用。特别是，以下方面的回应 尾侧听觉带和帕拉带将与下顶叶和前运动皮层的听觉带和前运动皮层进行比较 同时录音。 我们的研究使用经过行为任务训练的警觉猴子，将有助于理解统一的 感觉系统的感知和认知原理及其与运动系统的相互作用。 研究非人类灵长类动物的听觉背侧流将提供有关听觉背侧流的有价值的信息 人类语言和音乐的进化。我们的研究与高阶处理障碍高度相关 听力和言语障碍，例如构音障碍、言语失用、失语症和特定语言障碍 涉及感觉和运动系统之间的协调不足。结果也将改善我们的 了解可能由中风或中风引起的感觉运动整合障碍，例如共济失调 因此，神经退行性疾病带来了更好的治疗和康复策略。