Sensorimotor integration in the auditory dorsal stream

听觉背侧流中的感觉运动整合

• 批准号: 10298390
• 负责人: JOSEF P RAUSCHECKER
• 金额: $ 51.75万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10298390
• 关键词: Acoustics; Agreement; Anatomy; Animals; Anterolateral; Apraxias; Area; Ataxia; Auditory; Auditory area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Clip; Cognition; Communication; Complement; Consensus; Data; Disease; Distant; Dorsal; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Exposure to; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Hearing; Human; Image; Laboratories; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Link; Location; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Motor Cortex; Music; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Perception; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Production; Property; Role; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Disorders; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; System; Techniques; Testing; Training; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; anatomical tracing; auditory processing; awake; base; density; improved; instrument; multi-electrode arrays; multisensory; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; putamen; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; sensory system; sound; visual motor

Project Summary/Abstract Two cortical pathways originate from early core and belt areas of auditory cortex: a ventral pathway subserving identification of sounds, and a dorsal pathway that was originally defined – similar to the visual system – as a processing stream for space and motion. It has been proposed that the auditory dorsal pathway should be reframed in a wider sense as a processing stream for sensorimotor integration and control (Rauschecker, 2011). This broader function explicitly includes spatial processing but also extends to the processing of auditory-motor sequences, including spoken speech and musical melodies in humans. In this long-term project, we will test the expanded model of the auditory dorsal stream by training rhesus monkeys to produce sound sequences on a new behavioral apparatus (“monkey piano”) developed in our laboratory (Archakov et al., 2020). By pressing a lever, the monkey produces a tone of a specific pitch; by pressing several levers in succession, the monkey produces a melody. After an animal has learned to reliably play the same sequence, auditory-responsive brain regions are identified through whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while the animal is alert and listens to the learned self-produced sequence. Control stimuli include melodies the monkey has been passively exposed to, and novel melodies that the monkey has never heard before. Results from the previous funding cycle show that listening to the self-produced melody activates not only auditory areas but also motor regions of the brain, thus demonstrating the existence of internal models linking perception and action. The locations of activated regions will now guide electrophysiological recording with linear microelectrode arrays (LMAs). We will record neuronal responses in auditory and motor regions of cortex to passive listening of the sound sequences and compare them to neuronal activity obtained when the monkey actively produces the sequence with and without sound. Finally, we will add video of a monkey playing the sound sequence on the monkey piano and study multisensory interactions along the dorsal stream using fMRI and LMAs. In particular, responses in caudal auditory belt and parabelt will be compared with those in premotor cortex and posterior parietal cortex in simultaneous recordings. Our studies, using alert monkeys trained in a behavioral task, will contribute to the understanding of unified principles of perception and cognition across sensory systems and their interactions with the motor system in the form of internal models. Investigating the auditory dorsal stream in a nonhuman primate will provide essential information on the origin of human communication, including speech and music. Our studies are relevant for higher–level processing disorders of speech and its production, such as apraxia of speech, non-fluent aphasia, and specific language disorders that involve inadequate coordination between sensory and motor systems. The results will also improve our understanding of sensorimotor disorders, such as ataxia, which may be caused by stroke or neurodegenerative disease, thus leading to better therapies and rehabilitation strategies.

项目概要/摘要 两条皮质通路起源于听觉皮层的早期核心区和带区：腹侧通路支持 声音的识别，以及最初定义的背侧通路（类似于视觉系统） 空间和运动的处理流。有人建议听觉背侧通路应 在更广泛的意义上重新构建为感觉运动集成和控制的处理流（Rauschecker， 2011）。这个更广泛的功能明确包括空间处理，但也扩展到处理 听觉运动序列，包括人类的口语和音乐旋律。在这个长期 项目中，我们将通过训练恒河猴来测试听觉背侧流的扩展模型 我们实验室开发的新行为仪器（“猴子钢琴”）上的声音序列（Archakov 等人） 等，2020）。通过按下控制杆，猴子会发出特定音调的声音；通过按下几个控制杆 接连不断，猴子奏出旋律。当动物学会可靠地演奏相同的序列后， 通过全脑功能磁共振成像识别听觉反应大脑区域 （fMRI）当动物保持警觉并聆听学到的自我产生的序列时。控制刺激包括 猴子被动接触的旋律，以及猴子从未听过的新颖旋律 前。上一个资助周期的结果表明，聆听自制旋律不会激活 不仅包括听觉区域，还包括大脑的运动区域，从而证明了内部模型的存在 将感知和行动联系起来。激活区域的位置现在将指导电生理记录 带有线性微电极阵列（LMA）。我们将记录听觉和运动区域的神经元反应 皮层被动聆听声音序列，并将它们与当 猴子主动地产生有声和无声的序列。最后，我们将添加猴子玩耍的视频 猴子钢琴上的声音序列，并使用以下方法研究沿背流的多感官相互作用 功能磁共振成像和 LMA。特别是，尾听觉带和帕拉带的反应将与 同时记录的前运动皮层和后顶叶皮层。我们的研究，使用警觉的猴子 经过行为任务训练，将有助于理解感知和认知的统一原则 跨感觉系统及其与运动系统以内部模型的形式相互作用。 研究非人类灵长类动物的听觉背侧流将提供有关起源的重要信息 人类交流的能力，包括言语和音乐。我们的研究与更高级别的处理相关 言语及其产生障碍，例如言语失用、失语不流利和特定语言 涉及感觉和运动系统之间协调不足的疾病。结果也将 提高我们对感觉运动障碍的理解，例如共济失调，这可能是由中风或中风引起的 神经退行性疾病，从而带来更好的治疗和康复策略。