Sensorimotor integration in the auditory dorsal stream

听觉背侧流中的感觉运动整合

• 批准号: 10414990
• 负责人: JOSEF P RAUSCHECKER
• 金额: $ 42.05万
• 依托单位: GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10414990
• 关键词: Acoustics; Agreement; Anatomy; Animals; Anterolateral; Apraxias; Area; Ataxia; Auditory; Auditory area; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Cells; Clip; Cognition; Communication; Complement; Consensus; Data; Disease; Distant; Dorsal; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Evolution; Exposure to; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Hearing; Human; Image; Laboratories; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Link; Location; Macaca mulatta; Measures; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Motor Cortex; Music; Nature; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Pathway interactions; Perception; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Production; Property; Role; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Disorders; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; System; Techniques; Testing; Training; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; anatomical tracing; auditory processing; awake; base; density; improved; instrument; multi-electrode arrays; multisensory; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; putamen; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system; sensory system; sound; visual motor

Project Summary/Abstract Two cortical pathways originate from early core and belt areas of auditory cortex: a ventral pathway subserving identification of sounds, and a dorsal pathway that was originally defined – similar to the visual system – as a processing stream for space and motion. It has been proposed that the auditory dorsal pathway should be reframed in a wider sense as a processing stream for sensorimotor integration and control (Rauschecker, 2011). This broader function explicitly includes spatial processing but also extends to the processing of auditory-motor sequences, including spoken speech and musical melodies in humans. In this long-term project, we will test the expanded model of the auditory dorsal stream by training rhesus monkeys to produce sound sequences on a new behavioral apparatus (“monkey piano”) developed in our laboratory (Archakov et al., 2020). By pressing a lever, the monkey produces a tone of a specific pitch; by pressing several levers in succession, the monkey produces a melody. After an animal has learned to reliably play the same sequence, auditory-responsive brain regions are identified through whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while the animal is alert and listens to the learned self-produced sequence. Control stimuli include melodies the monkey has been passively exposed to, and novel melodies that the monkey has never heard before. Results from the previous funding cycle show that listening to the self-produced melody activates not only auditory areas but also motor regions of the brain, thus demonstrating the existence of internal models linking perception and action. The locations of activated regions will now guide electrophysiological recording with linear microelectrode arrays (LMAs). We will record neuronal responses in auditory and motor regions of cortex to passive listening of the sound sequences and compare them to neuronal activity obtained when the monkey actively produces the sequence with and without sound. Finally, we will add video of a monkey playing the sound sequence on the monkey piano and study multisensory interactions along the dorsal stream using fMRI and LMAs. In particular, responses in caudal auditory belt and parabelt will be compared with those in premotor cortex and posterior parietal cortex in simultaneous recordings. Our studies, using alert monkeys trained in a behavioral task, will contribute to the understanding of unified principles of perception and cognition across sensory systems and their interactions with the motor system in the form of internal models. Investigating the auditory dorsal stream in a nonhuman primate will provide essential information on the origin of human communication, including speech and music. Our studies are relevant for higher–level processing disorders of speech and its production, such as apraxia of speech, non-fluent aphasia, and specific language disorders that involve inadequate coordination between sensory and motor systems. The results will also improve our understanding of sensorimotor disorders, such as ataxia, which may be caused by stroke or neurodegenerative disease, thus leading to better therapies and rehabilitation strategies.

项目总结/摘要 听皮层的核心区和带状区起源于两条皮层通路：腹侧通路 识别声音，以及最初定义的背侧通路-类似于视觉系统-作为 处理空间和运动的流。有人提出，听觉背侧通路应该是 在更广泛的意义上被重新定义为用于感觉运动整合和控制的处理流（Rauschecker， 2011年）。这个更广泛的功能明确地包括空间处理，但也扩展到处理 动作序列，包括人类的口语和音乐旋律。在这个长期 项目，我们将通过训练恒河猴产生听觉背流来测试扩展模型 在我们实验室开发的一种新的行为装置（“猴子钢琴”）上的声音序列（Archakov等人 例如，2020年）。按下一个杠杆，猴子发出一个特定音高的音调;按下几个杠杆， 接着，猴子发出一种旋律。当动物学会可靠地演奏同一序列后， 通过全脑功能磁共振成像识别大脑的神经反应区域 （fMRI），而动物是警觉的，并听取了学习自我产生的序列。控制刺激包括 猴子被动地接触到的旋律，以及猴子从未听过的新奇旋律 以前上一个融资周期的结果表明，听自制的旋律激活了 不仅是听觉区域，还有大脑的运动区域，从而证明了内部模型的存在。 连接感知和行动激活区域的位置现在将指导电生理记录 线性微电极阵列（Linear Microelectrode Arrays，LMA）我们将记录听觉和运动区的神经元反应， 皮层被动听声音序列，并将它们与神经元活动进行比较， 猴子主动地产生有声音和没有声音的序列。最后，我们将添加一个猴子玩耍的视频 声音序列的猴子钢琴和研究多感官的相互作用沿着背流使用 功能磁共振成像和LMAs。特别地，将尾侧听觉带和副耳带的反应与 运动前皮层和后顶叶皮层同步记录。我们的研究使用警觉的猴子 在行为任务中接受训练，将有助于理解感知和认知的统一原则 跨感觉系统及其与运动系统的内部模型形式的相互作用。 研究非人灵长类动物的听觉背流将提供有关起源的重要信息 包括语言和音乐。我们的研究与更高层次的处理有关 言语及其产生障碍，如言语失用症、非流利性失语症和特定语言 感觉和运动系统之间协调不足的疾病。结果也将 提高我们对感觉运动障碍的理解，如共济失调，这可能是由中风引起的， 神经退行性疾病，从而导致更好的治疗和康复策略。