Hacking Epidemics: Unlocking The Drivers of Transmission Seasonality to Battle Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
Hacking Epidemics: Unlocking The Drivers of Transmission Seasonality to Battle Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
批准号:
9600390
负责人:
Micaela Elvira Martinez
金额:
$35.73万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2016
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2016-09-19 至 2021-08-31
中文摘要
文摘
英文摘要
Abstract
Hacking Epidemics: Unlocking the Drivers of Transmission Seasonality to Battle Vaccine-Preventable
Diseases
The UN estimates that 94.4 million children under 5 will die between 2016 and 2030 if the under-5
mortality rate is not decreased. Currently, infectious diseases that are preventable or treatable cause
about half of childhood deaths. I work on childhood infectious diseases because major improvements
can be achieved by optimizing the administration of existing vaccines and treatments. There is a
need for smarter vaccination strategies that are adaptable to changing epidemiology and
grounded from an understanding in human immunobiology. We have three studies that seek to
fulfill this need. First, we will develop a statistical toolset to measure vaccine efficacy in real-time
using both traditional and new data streams (internet query data). By applying our toolset, we will
evaluate the impact of the chickenpox vaccine in the US. Second, we aim to quantify the transmission
and reactivation dynamics of herpesviruses in order to make recommendations regarding vaccination
efforts and timing, while anticipating treatment needs. To do so, we will use data on hospitalized
chickenpox, shingles, herpes simplex, and cytomegalovirus cases from California, spanning 3
decades. Hospital data, vaccine coverage, demography data, and dynamic mathematical models will
be combined to estimate transmission and reactivation rates for each of virus. We will determine if
reactivation is seasonal, which we hypothesize is a manifestation of seasonal immunity. Third, we will
conduct a human clinical study to determine if immunity undergoes functional changes throughout the
year that affect susceptibility to infection. We will characterize both circadian (24-hr) and seasonal
rhythms in the immune system and interactions among rhythms. We propose an innovative sampling
scheme involving multi-day clinical sessions in winter, spring, summer, and fall, which would provide
snapshots of immune cell activity around the 24-hr cycle, and across seasons. This study would
advance our knowledge of the inseparable interplay between human immunobiology and infectious
disease dynamics.
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Hacking Epidemics: Unlocking The Drivers of Transmission Seasonality to Battle Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
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批准号:10531674
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$25.32万
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财政年份:2021
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负责人:Micaela Elvira Martinez
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依托单位:
海外基金