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Neural Circuits for the Cortical Control of the Optokinetic Reflex

视动反射皮质控制的神经回路

基本信息

批准号：
9260001
负责人：
MASSIMO SCANZIANI
金额：
$ 39.08万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-05-01 至 2021-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9260001
关键词：
Address Anatomy Animals Behavior Behavioral Biological Models Brain Injuries Brain Stem Cell Nucleus Cerebral cortex Clinical Data Development Diagnostic Disease Electrophysiology (science)Environment Eye Movements Feedback Frequencies Genetic Head Health Human Image Impairment In Vitro Instinct Lesion Link Mammals Mediating Medical Methods Modernization Monitor Motion Mus Nature Neurologic Neurons Optics Organism Output Patients Performance Phylogenetic Analysis Plasticizers Play Problem Solving Property Pyramidal Cells Reflex action Retina Role Signal Transduction Stroke Structure System Testing Traumatic injury Vertebrates Viral Vision Visual Visual Cortex awake experience extrastriate visual cortex imaging approach in vivo in vivo imaging insight neural circuit neurophysiology optogenetics public health relevance response screening tool vision development visual stimulus

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The cerebral cortex of mammals has the ability to control and modulate innate, reflexive behaviors mediated by subcortical structures. By adjusting innate and reflexive behaviors to the prevailing conditions or by adapting these behaviors according to past experiences the cortex greatly expands the behavioral repertoire of mammals. Despite the fundamental role that the cortex plays on regulating subcortically mediated behaviors very little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Solving this problem is crucial for our understanding of among the most basic functions performed by the cerebral cortex of mammals. This proposal addresses the mechanisms by which the cortex modulate the performance of the optokinetic reflex, an innate behavior that is essential for stabilizing images on retinas during slow self motions or motions of the environment. The proposed study will be performed in mice because of the large palette of genetic, viral, optical and electrophysiological tools especially developed to study neural circuit function in this animal. In humans, both developmental retardation of the visual cortex as well as lesions or strokes to the visual cortex can profoundly impair optokinetic performance. Optokinetic performance is part of the standard neurological tests in the medical practice because of its simplicity and diagnostic power with regard to subcortical and cortical function. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms that regulate the various properties of optokinetic performance will inevitably contribute to the expansion of the diagnostic power of this simple and widely used neurological test on human patients. The ability of cortex to control subcortically mediated innate behaviors represents a fundamental evolutionary adaptation. This control becomes particularly pronounced in organisms with high levels of encephalization, humans being the supreme example. Revealing the circuit mechanisms through which the cortex controls the activity of subcortical structures will provide crucial insight into how the cortex orchestrates innate behavior in health and disease.