Neural Circuits for the Cortical Control of the Optokinetic Reflex

视动反射皮质控制的神经回路

• 批准号: 9106405
• 负责人: MASSIMO SCANZIANI
• 金额: $ 39.08万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9106405
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain Injuries; Brain Stem; Cell Nucleus; Cerebral cortex; Clinical; Data; Development; Diagnostic; Disease; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Eye Movements; Feedback; Frequencies; Head; Health; Human; Image; In Vitro; Instinct; Lesion; Link; Mammals; Mediating; Medical; Methods; Monitor; Motion; Mus; Nature; Neurologic; Neurons; Optics; Organism; Output; Patients; Performance; Play; Problem Solving; Property; Pyramidal Cells; Reflex action; Retina; Role; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stroke; Structure; System; Testing; Traumatic injury; Vertebrates; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; awake; base; experience; extrastriate visual cortex; in vivo; in vivo imaging; insight; neural circuit; neurophysiology; public health relevance; response; screening; tool; virus genetics; visual stimulus

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The cerebral cortex of mammals has the ability to control and modulate innate, reflexive behaviors mediated by subcortical structures. By adjusting innate and reflexive behaviors to the prevailing conditions or by adapting these behaviors according to past experiences the cortex greatly expands the behavioral repertoire of mammals. Despite the fundamental role that the cortex plays on regulating subcortically mediated behaviors very little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Solving this problem is crucial for our understanding of among the most basic functions performed by the cerebral cortex of mammals. This proposal addresses the mechanisms by which the cortex modulate the performance of the optokinetic reflex, an innate behavior that is essential for stabilizing images on retinas during slow self motions or motions of the environment. The proposed study will be performed in mice because of the large palette of genetic, viral, optical and electrophysiological tools especially developed to study neural circuit function in this animal. In humans, both developmental retardation of the visual cortex as well as lesions or strokes to the visual cortex can profoundly impair optokinetic performance. Optokinetic performance is part of the standard neurological tests in the medical practice because of its simplicity and diagnostic power with regard to subcortical and cortical function. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms that regulate the various properties of optokinetic performance will inevitably contribute to the expansion of the diagnostic power of this simple and widely used neurological test on human patients. The ability of cortex to control subcortically mediated innate behaviors represents a fundamental evolutionary adaptation. This control becomes particularly pronounced in organisms with high levels of encephalization, humans being the supreme example. Revealing the circuit mechanisms through which the cortex controls the activity of subcortical structures will provide crucial insight into how the cortex orchestrates innate behavior in health and disease.

 描述（由申请人提供）：哺乳动物的大脑皮层具有控制和调节由皮层下结构介导的先天反射行为的能力。通过调整先天的和反射性的行为以适应普遍的条件，或者根据过去的经验来调整这些行为，大脑皮层极大地扩展了哺乳动物的行为库。尽管皮质在调节皮质下介导的行为中起着重要作用，但对其潜在机制知之甚少。解决这个问题对于我们理解哺乳动物大脑皮层执行的最基本功能至关重要。这个提议提出了皮质调节视动反射的机制，视动反射是一种先天行为，在缓慢的自我运动或环境运动期间稳定视网膜上的图像至关重要。拟议的研究将在小鼠中进行，因为大量的遗传、病毒、光学和电生理工具是专门为研究这种动物的神经回路功能而开发的。在人类中，视皮层的发育迟缓以及视皮层的损伤或中风都可以严重损害视动性能。视动性能是医疗实践中标准神经学测试的一部分，因为其简单性和关于皮层下和皮层功能的诊断能力。了解调节视动性能的各种特性的基本机制将不可避免地有助于扩大这种简单而广泛使用的神经系统测试对人类患者的诊断能力。皮质控制皮质下介导的先天行为的能力代表了一种基本的进化适应。这种控制在具有高水平脑化的生物体中变得特别明显，人类是最好的例子。揭示皮层控制皮层下结构活动的回路机制，将为了解皮层如何协调健康和疾病中的先天行为提供至关重要的见解。