Marijuana Access at Point-of-sale: Legalization, Attitudes, and Behavior (MAP:LAB)

销售点的大麻获取：合法化、态度和行为（MAP：LAB）

• 批准号: 9293304
• 负责人: Thomas Robert Kirchner
• 金额: $ 59.87万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9293304
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Alcohols; American; Area; Attitude; Behavior; Belief; Benefits and Risks; Breathing; Colorado; Communities; Consent; Consumption; Couples; Dangerousness; Data; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug usage; Ecological momentary assessment; Environment; Evolution; Exposure to; Foundations; Geographic Information Systems; Health; Individual; Institutes; Knowledge; Laws; Learning; Legal; Link; Location; Longitudinal trends; Louisiana; Marijuana; Medical; Methodology; New York; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Prevalence; Public Health; Recording of previous events; Research; Risk; Sales; Schedule; Secure; Smoke; System; Testing; Time; Tobacco; United States; Universities; Vaporizer; Wireless Technology; Work; base; blind; contextual factors; follow up assessment; illicit drug use; innovation; marijuana decriminalization; marijuana legalization; marijuana use; metropolitan; mobile computing; novel; public health relevance; risk perception; social; social norm; vaping; vapor; virtual; young adult

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The most directly visible consequence of new marijuana legalization laws is the emerging presence of medicinal and retail outlets providing marijuana access at point-of-sale (MAP) for the first time in the history of the United States. Other new laws decriminalizing the possession and recreational use of marijuana are further expanding the availability and normative acceptability of marijuana in all settings. Simultaneously, a second heretofore unseen product landscape is also emerging, based on growing demand for electronically vaporized (Vape) drug delivery systems capable of reducing the physical harm associated with inhaling combusted smoke from tobacco or other drugs like marijuana. Combined, these new MAP and Vape product landscapes are reshaping the real and perceived physical and legal risks of marijuana consumption, just as access to marijuana is dramatically expanding. Virtually nothing is known about the separate and combined impact new decriminalization laws and the emerging MAP and Vape landscapes will have on patterns of marijuana use. The proposed project will provide data to directly address this critical knowledge gap. It extends the use of an innovative methodology that has been the first to provide objective, real-time data on the degree to which individuals are exposed to point-of-sale products as they move through their daily activities, as well as the way accumulating exposure to socio-contextual factors (e.g., public and social use) affects attitudes and experimentation over time. Because a spectrum of marijuana laws are rolling-out sequentially across the US, we are proposing a naturalistic framework that will contrast longitudinal trends within and between 4 separate major metropolitan areas from different regions of the US, each characterized by different degrees of marijuana decriminalization, medicalization, and legalization. The proposed project couples our existing real-time point-of-sale exposure system with longitudinal ecological momentary assessment of normative beliefs and other attitudes about the risks and benefits of marijuana among N=4,400 non-users of marijuana from: 1) Denver, CO, 2) DC/MD/VA 3) New York, NY, and 4) New Orleans, LA. Quarterly follow-up assessments will assess use patterns across the study period. Our research team is well represented in each of these areas, and our team has pioneered the use of mobile technologies to document point-of- sale product landscapes and quantify individuals' exposure, reactivity, and behavior. Quantifying real-time exposure to MAP and Vape requires a multilevel system with both comprehensive point-of-sale data at the community level and location-based exposure data at the individual level. Entirely separate from the community-level data, participants who are blind to our primary focus on marijuana consent to continuous location tracking. Data are wirelessly synced to a secure server, where an advanced geographic information system links each person to their real-time environment. Thus, detailed exposure data are accurately quantified with very low participant burden. Right now we are witnessing the emergence of two novel product landscapes, each with complementary and profound implications for drug use in the US. Decriminalization and legalized use laws will further increase the prevalence of marijuana use in social and public contexts, something that has not been common for decades. The proposed work aims to specifically isolate the impact of these factors on emerging patterns of initiation among those who do not yet smoke marijuana. Teasing apart the evolving policy and product environments will make it possible to test our central hypothesis - that these structural changes will operate b shifting normative beliefs, reducing harm perceptions, and thus promoting experimentation.

 描述（由申请人提供）：新的大麻合法化法律的最直接可见的后果是，在美国历史上第一次出现了在销售点（MAP）提供大麻的药用和零售商店。其他将拥有和娱乐性使用大麻合法化的新法律进一步扩大了大麻在所有环境中的可获得性和规范可接受性。与此同时，第二个迄今未见的产品景观也正在出现，基于对电子蒸发（Vape）药物输送系统的需求不断增长，该系统能够减少与吸入烟草或大麻等其他药物燃烧烟雾相关的身体伤害。结合起来，这些新的MAP和Vape产品景观正在重塑大麻消费的真实的和感知的身体和法律的风险，就像大麻的获取正在急剧扩大一样。几乎没有人知道新的非犯罪化法律和新兴的MAP和Vape景观将对大麻使用模式产生的单独和综合影响。拟议的项目将提供数据，以直接解决这一关键的知识差距。它扩展了一种创新方法的使用，该方法首次提供了关于个人在日常活动中接触销售点产品的程度的客观实时数据，以及积累接触社会背景因素（例如，公共和社会使用）随着时间的推移影响态度和实验。由于一系列大麻法律正在美国各地相继推出，我们提出了一个自然主义框架，该框架将对比美国不同地区4个独立的主要大都市地区内部和之间的纵向趋势，每个地区的特点是不同程度的大麻合法化，医疗化和合法化。拟议的项目将我们现有的实时销售点暴露系统与N= 4，400名非大麻使用者对大麻风险和益处的规范信念和其他态度的纵向生态瞬时评估相结合：1）丹佛，CO，2）DC/MD/VA 3）纽约，NY和4）新奥尔良，LA。季度随访评估将评估整个研究期间的使用模式。我们的研究团队在这些领域都有很好的代表性，我们的团队率先使用移动的技术来记录销售点的产品景观，并量化个人的暴露、反应和行为。对MAP和Vape的实时暴露进行量化需要一个多层次的系统，该系统在社区层面具有全面的销售点数据，在个人层面具有基于位置的暴露数据。与社区层面的数据完全分开，那些对我们主要关注大麻的人同意持续的位置跟踪。数据被无线同步到一个安全的服务器上，在那里，一个先进的地理信息系统将每个人与他们的实时环境联系起来。因此，详细的接触数据可以在参与者负担很低的情况下准确量化。目前，我们正在见证两种新产品的出现，每一种都对美国的毒品使用产生了互补和深远的影响。合法化和合法使用法律将进一步增加大麻在社会和公共环境中的流行，这是几十年来不常见的。拟议的工作旨在具体隔离这些因素对那些尚未吸食大麻的人中新出现的启动模式的影响。将不断演变的政策和产品环境分开，将有可能检验我们的核心假设--这些结构性变化将B改变规范性信念、减少伤害感知，从而促进实验来发挥作用。