Snail-Related Studies of Transmission & Control of Schistosomiasis in Kenya

与蜗牛相关的传播研究

• 批准号: 9311618
• 负责人: ERIC SAMUEL LOKER
• 金额: $ 46.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-15 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9311618
• 关键词: Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Area; Biocontrols; Biodiversity; Biological; Biomphalaria; CRISPR/Cas technology; Characteristics; Chemicals; Child; Chronic; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; Collaborations; Consensus; Controlled Study; Development; Disease; Embryo; Epidemiology; Fertilizers; Fostering; Funding; Generations; Goals; Habitats; Harvest; Hot Spot; Human; Hybrids; Indigenous; Infection; Interruption; Kenya; Knowledge; Lead; Left; Life Cycle Stages; Measures; Medical; Medical Research; New Mexico; Organ; Parasites; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Play; Population; Poverty; Praziquantel; Prevalence; Public Health; Refractory; Research; Research Institute; Research Personnel; Resistance; Resources; Role; Sampling; Schistosoma; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosome Parasite; Schistosomiasis; Scientist; Series; Site; Snails; Source; Sporocysts; Stream; Surface; Taxon; Testing; Training; Universities; Variant; Vertebral column; Vision; Water; base; chemotherapy; disability-adjusted life years; experimental study; killings; mental development; neglected tropical diseases; novel; novel strategies; operation; scale up; transmission process; vector; wild bird

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Among the Neglected Tropical Diseases that continue to afflict the “bottom billion” of the world's population, schistosomiasis ranks as one of the most common (currently 258 million cases) and difficult to control. Sub- Saharan Africa now supports over 85% of the world's cases of schistosomiasis, a disease that has long been underestimated in its impact on the people it infects, often impoverished children. The WHO has called for the elimination of human schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2025, and although chemotherapy with the one available drug praziquantel will remain the backbone of this effort, a consensus has emerged that integrated control approaches (including snail control) will be needed if we are to achieve the WHO's ambitious goals. Nowhere is the prospect for schistosomiasis control more daunting than in the African great lakes like Lake Victoria and Lake Albert in which Schistosoma mansoni thrives, being transmitted in and around such habitats by at least three taxa of Biomphalaria snails. Building on a long-standing partnership between the University of New Mexico and the Kenya Medical Research Institute, we hypothesize that inherent biological differences among the three snail taxa lead to differences in compatibility with schistosomes and other parasites, and create for each taxon distinct opportunities for controlling the larval stages of S. mansoni that can propagate within them. We propose three aims: Aim 1) To reveal and dissect the roles of different Biomphalaria taxa with marked biological differences in the transmission of S. mansoni in six representative transmission sites in the Lake Victoria basin. The three taxa are B. sudanica (an out-crossing, shoreline- inhabiting species), B. choanomphala (a deep water ecophenotype of B. sudanica) and B. pfeifferi (a self- fertilizing snail usually in streams leading into the lake); Aim 2) To define and exploit the biodiversity of non- schistosome digeneans in the Lake Victoria basin, to compete with and suppress S. mansoni infections within Biomphalaria; and Aim 3) To develop novel approaches for snail or larval schistosome control scalable to vast transmission sites like Lake Victoria. These attempts will include identification and testing of schistosome- resistant snails and development of CRISPR/Cas technology with African Biomphalaria snails such that the knowledge can eventually be exploited for multiple purposes, including novel approaches for snail control. Our proposed studies offer the prospect of developing snail control that can be synchronized with integrated schistosomiasis control strategies, exploit local resources that could be scaled up and applied in low tech ways, and provide key training for young investigators in both the U.S. and Kenya for the challenges that lie ahead for snail-centered schistosomiasis control.

项目摘要/摘要 在被忽视的热带病中，继续折磨着世界上最底层的10亿人， 血吸虫病是最常见(目前为2.58亿例)且难以控制的疾病之一。子- 撒哈拉非洲现在支持世界上85%以上的血吸虫病病例，这种疾病长期以来一直是 它对感染人群的影响被低估了，这些人往往是贫困儿童。世界卫生组织呼吁 到2025年消除人类血吸虫病作为一个公共卫生问题，尽管化疗与 一种可用的药物吡喹酮仍将是这一努力的支柱，人们已达成共识， 如果我们要实现世界卫生组织雄心勃勃的目标，就需要采取综合控制措施(包括灭螺 目标。没有任何地方的血吸虫病控制前景比非洲五大湖更令人望而生畏的了 维多利亚湖和阿尔伯特湖是曼森氏血吸虫繁衍的地方，在那里及其周围传播 至少三个生物群蜗牛的栖息地。建立在两国之间的长期伙伴关系基础上 新墨西哥大学和肯尼亚医学研究所，我们假设固有的生物学 三个螺类之间的差异导致了与血吸虫和其他 寄生虫，并为每个分类群创造控制曼氏丝虫幼虫阶段的独特机会， 可以在它们内部传播。我们提出了三个目标：目标1)揭示和剖析不同的角色 六个具有代表性的曼氏血吸虫传播中具有明显生物学差异的生物类群 维多利亚湖盆地的传播点。这三个分类群是苏丹花(一种异交的海岸线-- 栖息种)、苏丹明对虾的深水生态表型(B.choonomphala)和自养的pfeifferi(B.pfeifferi) 给蜗牛施肥，通常是在通向湖泊的溪流中)；目标2)定义和开发非 维多利亚湖流域的血吸虫，以竞争和抑制曼氏血吸虫感染 以及目标3)开发可推广到大规模的控制钉螺或血吸虫幼虫的新方法 像维多利亚湖这样的传播点。这些尝试将包括鉴定和检测血吸虫- 抗性钉螺和非洲生物钉螺CRISPR/CAS技术的开发 知识最终可以用于多种目的，包括控制蜗牛的新方法。我们的 拟议的研究为开发可与一体化同步的钉螺控制提供了前景 血吸虫病控制策略，开发可扩大规模并以低技术应用的当地资源 方法，并为美国和肯尼亚的年轻调查人员提供关键培训，以应对面临的挑战 提前进行以钉螺为中心的血吸虫病控制。