Neighborhoods, daily stress, affect regulation, & Black male substance use

邻里、日常压力、影响调节、

• 批准号: 9306039
• 负责人: Wizdom A Powell
• 金额: $ 0.99万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2017-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9306039
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Award; Behavioral; Bioethics; Biological Markers; Biological Sciences; Censuses; Cessation of life; Clinical Psychology; Communities; Complex; Data; Data Collection; Development; Development Plans; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Ecological momentary assessment; Ecosystem; Educational workshop; Emotions; Environment; Epidemiology; Equipment and supply inventories; Exhibits; Exposure to; Face; Focus Groups; Freedom; Future; Genes; Goals; HIV; Health; Health behavior; Health education; Homicide; Hormonal; Hormones; Hydrocortisone; Imprisonment; Individual; International; Intervention; Investigation; Link; Marijuana; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Motivation; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neighborhoods; North Carolina; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevention; Preventive Intervention; Process; Public Health; Regulation; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Risk; Risk-Taking; Role; Salivary; Sampling; Science; Scientist; Shapes; Social Environment; Standardization; Statistical Methods; Stress; Stress and Coping; Substance abuse problem; Targeted Research; Testing; Testosterone; Time; Tobacco; Training; Training Activity; Typology; Variant; Violence; acute stress; addiction; analytical method; androgenic; base; biological adaptation to stress; career; career development; design; disorder later incidence prevention; emerging adult; emerging adulthood; evidence base; experience; experimental study; gender disparity; hands on instruction; health disparity; high risk; instrument; male; marijuana use; men; mobile computing; mortality; negative affect; novel; premature; prevent; psychobiologic; public health relevance; reduced substance use; response; skills; social; stressor; substance abuse prevention; symposium; tailored messaging; theories; therapy design; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Black males exhibit a steeper escalation in substance use (i.e., cross-over effects) and experience disproportionately higher rates of correlated poor health outcomes (e.g., HIV-related deaths and homicide) and low educational attainment compared with White males during emerging adulthood (ages 18 to 29 years). 1-3 Neighborhoods have been identified as important contexts for investigating substance use during emerging adulthood. 4 Yet, there is a fundamental gap in the current scientific evidence-base about the role of neighborhood conditions, beyond those defined by census data, in shaping substance use for Black emerging adult males. An equally notable evidence gap is created by the limited number of studies focusing on mechanisms that could explain why some Black emerging adult males exposed to less optimal neighborhood conditions engage in problematic (vs. non-problematic) substance use (i.e., alcohol and marijuana). This K01 application, entitled Neighborhoods, daily stress, affect regulation, & Black male substance use proposes integrated training and research to address these gaps by assessing potential pathways linking directly-observed neighborhood violence, alcohol, and drug activity to problematic substance use among Black male emerging adults. The potential pathways include theory-supported stress- affective mechanisms: daily stress, stress and androgenic hormones (as assessed through biomarkers), and affect regulation. The central hypothesis, grounded in Phenomenological Variant of Ecological Systems Theory5, and psychobiological models of stress, coping, and risk-taking,6-8 is that neighborhoods with high violence, alcohol, and drug activity instigate problematic substance use through increased daily stress experiences leading in turn to higher negative affect, and dysregulated cortisol and testosterone. Moreover, when these stress response processes occur in tandem with affect regulation strategies that encourage 'stuffing down' negative affect (i.e., emotion suppression), the effect on problematic substance use is expected to be heightened. The studies will employ a sample of non-substance dependent, Black emerging adult males (n = 66) drawn from Durham, NC neighborhoods (i.e., census block groups). A variety of assessment and analytic methods will be used including neighborhood social observations, Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA), salivary hormone biomarker analyses, and focus groups. Three specific aims will be examined in two complementary studies: 1) to use the Neighborhood Inventory for Environmental Typology (NIfETy) 9, and Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data to examine associations between neighborhood violence, alcohol, and drug activity (VAOD) and daily problematic alcohol and marijuana use; 2) to investigate daily stress-affective mechanisms linking neighborhood VAOD to daily problematic alcohol and marijuana use; and 3) to develop tailored messages for a future ecological momentary intervention designed to modulate stress-affective processes in "real-time." Dr. Powell Hammond, who is trained in clinical psychology and health behavior and health education, and has focused her research career on using community-based approaches to investigate stress, gender, and health disparities, particularly among Black males. Training activities will include: formal didactics and hands-on instruction in conducting systemic social observations of neighborhoods, EMA, and salivary bioscience methods, workshops on tailored message development and ecological momentary intervention design, bioethics and responsible conduct in research training, and attendance at national and international conferences. She has assembled a strong interdisciplinary mentoring team that will guide her training and career development plans for building new skills in substance abuse research, neighborhood epidemiological assessment and social observational methods, ecological momentary assessment/intervention design, salivary biomarker measurement and data collection, and statistical methods for analyzing complex longitudinal models. The K01 award will increase her capabilities as an independent researcher to develop and test a fully powered ecological momentary intervention, as a separate R-level proposal. Results of the proposed research will also enhance current understanding of neighborhood effects on problematic substance use in Black males, inform development of ecologically valid addiction and relapse prevention interventions, and ultimately help to reduce substance use cross-over effects and substance abuse-related morbidity and mortality among Black emerging males.

描述（由申请人提供）：黑人男性在物质使用方面表现出更急剧的上升（即，交叉效应）并经历不成比例的更高的相关不良健康结果率（例如，与艾滋病毒有关的死亡和杀人）和低教育程度相比，白色男性在成年初期（18至29岁）。1-3社区已被确定为调查物质使用的重要背景下，在成年期出现。4然而，在目前的科学证据基础上，关于邻里条件的作用存在根本性的差距，超出了人口普查数据所定义的范围，在塑造黑人新兴成年男性的物质使用方面。一个同样值得注意的证据差距是由有限数量的研究造成的，这些研究集中在可以解释为什么一些暴露在不太理想的邻里条件下的黑人新兴成年男性会使用有问题的（与无问题的）物质（即，酒精和大麻）。这个K 01应用程序，题为邻里，日常压力，影响调节，和黑人男性物质使用提出了综合培训和研究，以解决这些差距，通过评估直接观察到的邻里暴力，酒精和毒品活动的潜在途径，以解决黑人男性新兴成年人中有问题的物质使用。潜在的途径包括理论支持的压力-情感机制：日常压力，压力和雄激素（通过生物标志物评估），以及情绪调节。基于生态系统理论的现象学变体5以及压力、应对和冒险的心理生物学模型6-8的中心假设是，暴力、酒精和毒品活动高发的社区通过增加日常压力体验煽动有问题的物质使用，从而导致更高的负面影响，以及皮质醇和睾酮失调。此外，当这些压力反应过程与鼓励“压抑”负面情绪的情绪调节策略（即，情绪抑制），对问题物质使用的影响预计将得到加强。这些研究将采用来自北卡罗来纳州达勒姆社区（即，人口普查区块组）。将使用各种评估和分析方法，包括社区社会观察，生态瞬时评估（EMA），唾液激素生物标志物分析和焦点小组。三个具体目标将在两个互补的研究中进行检查：1）使用环境类型学的邻里清单（NIfETy）9和生态瞬时评估（EMA）数据来检查邻里暴力，酒精和毒品活动（VAOD）与日常问题酒精和大麻使用之间的关联;（2）探讨社区VAOD与日常问题性酒精和大麻使用之间的日常压力-情感机制;以及3）为未来的生态瞬时干预开发定制的信息，旨在“实时”调节压力-情感过程。鲍威尔哈蒙德博士，谁是在临床心理学和健康行为和健康教育的培训，并把她的研究生涯集中在使用社区为基础的方法来调查压力，性别和健康的差距，特别是在黑人男性。培训活动将包括：正式的教学法和动手指导进行系统的社区，EMA和唾液生物科学方法的社会观察，有针对性的信息开发和生态瞬时干预设计，生物伦理学和负责任的行为研究培训，并出席国家和国际会议的研讨会。她组建了一个强大的跨学科指导团队，将指导她的培训和职业发展计划，以建立药物滥用研究，社区流行病学评估和社会观察方法，生态瞬时评估/干预设计，唾液生物标志物测量和数据收集以及用于分析复杂纵向模型的统计方法的新技能。K 01奖将提高她作为独立研究人员的能力，以开发和测试一个完全动力的生态瞬时干预，作为一个单独的R级提案。拟议的研究结果还将提高目前对黑人男性有问题的物质使用的邻里效应的理解，为生态有效的成瘾和复发预防干预措施的发展提供信息，并最终有助于减少物质使用的交叉效应和物质滥用相关的发病率和死亡率在黑人新兴男性中。