Social Cues and Drug Relapse

项目摘要 吸毒者面临的最困难的问题之一是复吸率仍然很高 治疗后。虽然有多种内部状态和外部线索可能引发复发， 一个共同的因素是重新与吸毒的社会同龄人联系。尽管最近的一些临床前工作 研究了社会影响对获得和维持药物自我管理的作用， 基本上没有关于社会线索在恢复药物寻求中的作用的信息。总体假设 自我管理的社会同伴将作为一个线索，以诱导药物寻求在一个受控的 临床前实验室环境。与离散线索（灯光、音调）和上下文线索（触觉和视觉）分开 线索，一天中的时间），这些研究将确定是否社会同龄人也能够恢复熄灭 对毒品有反应此外，这些研究将提供有关潜在的互动信息， 社会和语境线索在复职中的作用。提出了两个具体目标。一是 确定是否有性别差异的歧视性社会线索诱导的恢复，如果社会线索， 增强上下文线索恢复药物寻求的能力。第二，在这些行为实验中， 将对不同脑区中的c-Fos蛋白免疫反应性细胞进行定量，以确定神经激活是否 男性和女性之间的社会线索不同，或者如果社会线索的激活不同于上下文， 线索如果社会线索被证明是寻求毒品的触发因素，这将提供证据， 心理社会治疗，强调技能建设，以避免越轨的同龄人。

PROJECT SUMMARY One of the most difficult problems facing drug abuse practitioners is the continuing high rate of relapse following treatment. While there are multiple internal states and external cues that may trigger relapse, one common factor is to re-associate with drug-using social peers. Although some recent preclinical work has examined the role of social influence on acquisition and maintenance of drug self-administration, there is essentially no information about the role of social cues in reinstatement of drug seeking. The overall hypothesis of this project is that self-administering social peers will serve as a cue to induce drug seeking in a controlled preclinical laboratory setting. Separate from discrete cues (light, tone) and contextual cues (tactile and visual cues, time of day), these studies will determine if social peers also are able to reinstate extinguished responding for drug. In addition, these studies will provide definitive information about the potential interactive effects of social and contextual cues in reinstatement. Two specific aims are proposed. First, we will determine if there are sex differences in discriminative social cue-induced reinstatement and if social cues potentiate the ability of contextual cues to reinstate drug seeking. Second, in these of behavioral experiments, c-Fos protein immunoreactive cells will be quantitated in various brain regions to determine if neural activation following social cues differs between males and females or if activation by social cues differs from contextual cues. If social cues prove to be a trigger for drug seeking, this would provide evidence that informs psychosocial treatments which emphasize skill-building to avoid deviant peers.