Characterizing neural mechanisms of cognitive control

表征认知控制的神经机制

• 批准号: 9263763
• 负责人: Tobias Egner
• 金额: $ 31.2万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-01-06 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9263763
• 关键词: Accidents; Adaptive Behaviors; Affect; Attention; Bayesian Modeling; Behavior; Behavior Control; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Choice Behavior; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Commuting; Computer Simulation; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Dementia; Disease; Dissociation; Education; Eye; Failure; Fostering; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Habits; Human; Investigation; Knowledge; Laws; Lead; Learning; Link; Literature; Measurement; Mediating; Memory; Memory impairment; Mental disorders; Modeling; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurosciences; Participant; Pattern; Play; Population; Probability; Process; Research; Research Personnel; Research Proposals; Response to stimulus physiology; Rewards; Role; Running; Schizophrenia; Stimulus; Task Performances; Testing; Thinking; Time; Uncertainty; Update; Ursidae Family; Work; base; cognitive control; common symptom; disabling symptom; flexibility; forgetting; improved; information processing; innovation; insight; lens; memory encoding; memory process; memory retrieval; multitask; neuromechanism; novel; novel strategies; operation; programs; psychiatric symptom; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall purpose of our research program is to understand the brain mechanisms of cognitive control, the ability to flexibly adapt thoughts and behavior in line with internal goals. Work in the previous grant period has focused on how conflicts in information processing (e.g., uncertainty over how to best steer into your intended lane at a busy intersection) can lead to an immediate re-focusing of attention on the task at hand (conflict- control). In this renewal application, we ask broadly: what happens the next time you approach that intersection? Will you remember your previous difficulties and approach it with a heightened focus of attention to start with? This type of interaction between cognitive control and memory processes pervades our daily lives, and a failure to appropriately match situational demands with attentional states is a key feature of many debilitating psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. However, how associations are formed between cues (e.g., the intersection) and appropriate control states, and what the consequences are of different control operations for subsequent memory, is presently poorly understood, owing in part to control being defined historically in opposition to well-learned responses ("will vs. habit"). Therefore, the goal of this proposal is to characterize the interaction of cognitive control and associative processes in order to improve current models of how the brain supports adaptive behavior, and to enable new approaches for understanding failures of cognitive control in the clinical domain. To this end, we examine control-memory interactions from two directions: first, specific aim 1 investigates how learning drives the allocation of cognitive control. In other words how does the busy intersection become associated with a heightened control state? We use computational modeling, fMRI, and fMRI-guided TMS approaches to characterize how the brain learns to adapt control settings to changing demands (study 1), and to directly contrast the neural mechanisms that link cues to control states (context-control learning) with those supporting classic stimulus-stimulus and stimulus- response learning (studies 2 and 3). Second, specific aim 2 characterizes how cognitive control processes affect memory. E.g., are you more likely to remember key details about the intersection after you had to overcome difficulty there? Specifically, we will assess the impact of three crucial cognitive control operations (conflict-control, updating, and response inhibition) on memory encoding, by having participants perform these operations on different stimuli and subsequently testing their recognition of these stimuli i surprise memory tests (studies 4-6). Pairing this approach with fMRI allows us to parse the brain mechanisms that link specific control operations to memory by contrasting the neural signatures of successful (subsequently remembered) vs. unsuccessful (subsequently forgotten) encoding of task-relevant and task-irrelevant stimuli as a function of control state. This innovative projec is set to significantly improve our understanding of how the human brain facilitates context-sensitive, controlled behavior, and to gain insight into how this ability may fail.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们研究计划的总体目的是了解认知控制的大脑机制，以及根据内部目标灵活调整思想和行为的能力。上一个资助期的工作集中在信息处理中的冲突（例如，关于如何在忙碌的十字路口最好地驾驶到您的预期车道上的不确定性）可以导致立即将注意力重新集中在手头的任务上（冲突控制）。在这个更新应用程序中，我们广泛地问：下一次你接近那个十字路口时会发生什么？你会记得你以前的困难，并以高度的注意力开始处理它吗？认知控制和记忆过程之间的这种相互作用渗透到我们的日常生活中，而未能将情境需求与注意力状态适当匹配是许多使人衰弱的精神疾病（如精神分裂症）的关键特征。然而，线索之间如何形成关联（例如，交叉点）和适当的控制状态，以及不同的控制操作对于后续记忆的结果是什么，目前还知之甚少，这部分是由于控制在历史上被定义为与熟知的响应（“意愿对习惯”）相反。因此，本提案的目标是表征认知控制和关联过程的相互作用，以改善大脑如何支持自适应行为的当前模型，并启用新的方法来理解临床领域中认知控制的失败。为此，我们从两个方向研究控制-记忆的相互作用：第一，具体目标1研究学习如何驱动认知控制的分配。换句话说，这个忙碌的交叉点是如何与一个高度控制的状态相关联的？我们使用计算建模，fMRI和fMRI引导的TMS方法来表征大脑如何学习调整控制设置以适应不断变化的需求（研究1），并直接对比将线索与控制状态（上下文控制学习）联系起来的神经机制与支持经典刺激-刺激和刺激-反应学习的神经机制（研究2和3）。第二，具体目标2描述了认知控制过程如何影响记忆。例如，在一个示例中，在你克服困难之后，你是否更容易记住交叉路口的关键细节？具体来说，我们将评估三个关键的认知控制操作（冲突控制，更新和反应抑制）对记忆编码的影响，通过让参与者对不同的刺激执行这些操作，然后在惊喜记忆测试中测试他们对这些刺激的识别（研究4-6）。将这种方法与功能性磁共振成像相结合，我们可以通过对比成功（随后被记住）与不成功（随后被遗忘）的任务相关和任务无关刺激编码的神经特征，解析将特定控制操作与记忆联系起来的大脑机制。这个创新的项目将大大提高我们对人类大脑如何促进上下文敏感，控制行为的理解，并深入了解这种能力如何失败。