Nexus of Risk: Sexual Assault, Alcohol Use, and Risky Sex among College Women

项目摘要 性侵犯是一个严重的公共卫生问题。受害的后遗症包括精神和心理上的， 身体健康问题（Bedard-Gilligan等人，2011; Hughes等人，2010），一旦受害，妇女是 再次受害的风险显著增加（Classen等人，2005; Messman-Moore & Long，2003）。性 袭击在大学校园里已经达到了流行病的程度， 受害率（Krebs等人，2007年）。酒精的使用与性暴力密切相关（修道院， 2011），以及高风险性行为（Scott-Sheldon et al.，2010年）。研究的是 性侵犯主要依赖于女性的回顾性叙述，尽管自传体记忆 被错误所困扰（Bradburn等人，1987年）。获得这些生态有效观察结果的一种方法 沉淀物可以通过生态瞬时评估（EMA）。EMA数据以接近真实的方式收集- 时间和被认为有更大的有效性比追溯帐户（Shiffman等人，2008年）。的 本研究的主要目的是使用EMA来更好地理解 性侵犯，以及受害，危险性行为和物质使用的共同发生。这项基本工作 然后将告知生态瞬时干预（EMI）的发展，为大学女生减少 他们的风险。电磁干扰将允许有机会在高风险情况之前和期间进行干预， 对妇女提供关于其受害风险和相关不良事件程度的个性化反馈。的 本研究的次要目的是进行一项随机对照试验（RCT）， EMA/EMI，相对于仅EMA和仅评估对照组，在降低性侵犯率方面， 危险的性行为和药物使用这项随机对照试验将是前瞻性的设计，目标女性为 增加攻击的风险（新生）。如果得到支持，这项工作将为大学校园提供一个具有成本效益的， 容易传播的方法，以防止攻击和其他不良后果。

PROJECT SUMMARY Sexual assault is a significant public health problem. The sequelae of victimization involve both mental and physical health problems (Bedard-Gilligan et al., 2011; Hughes et al., 2010), and once victimized, women are at significant increased risk for revictimization (Classen et al., 2005; Messman-Moore & Long, 2003). Sexual assault has reached epidemic proportions on college campuses, with undergraduate women reporting high rates of victimization (Krebs et al., 2007). Alcohol use is intimately intertwined with sexual violence (Abbey, 2011), as well as high-risk sexual behavior (Scott-Sheldon et al., 2010). Work on the situational precipitants of sexual assault has relied primarily on women's retrospective accounts, even though autobiographical memory is plagued by error (Bradburn et al., 1987). One way to obtain ecologically valid observations of these precipitants may be through Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). EMA data are collected in near real- time and are considered to have greater validity than retrospective accounts (Shiffman et al., 2008). The primary aim of this study will be to use EMA to obtain a better understanding of the contextual determinants of sexual assault, as well as the co-occurrence of victimization, risky sex, and substance use. This basic work then will inform the development of an Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) for college women to reduce their risk. EMI would permit an opportunity to intervene prior to and during high-risk situations by providing women with personalized feedback about their level of risk for victimization and related adverse events. The secondary aim of this study will be to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effectiveness of EMA/EMI, relative to EMA-only and an assessment only control group, in decreasing rates of sexual assault, risky sexual behavior, and substance use. This RCT will be prospective in design and target women who are at increased risk for assault (freshman). If supported, this work would offer college campuses a cost-effective, easily disseminated approach to preventing assault and other adverse consequences.