Impact of insecticide resistance on the behavior and fitness of malaria vectors

杀虫剂耐药性对疟疾病媒行为和适应性的影响

• 批准号: 9882939
• 负责人: YAW ASARE AFRANE
• 金额: $ 13.21万
• 依托单位: COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF GHANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-01 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9882939
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; Age; Anopheles gambiae; Antimalarials; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Child; Clinical; Culicidae; Development; Disease; Disease model; Ecology; Effectiveness; Evaluation; Evolution; Fertility; Goals; Incidence; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Institutes; Intervention; Kenya; Larva; Life Tables; Malaria; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Policy Maker; Population; Predisposition; Public Health; Residual state; Resistance; Resistance development; Rest; Sahara; Sampling; Site; Survival Rate; Testing; Time; Vectorial capacity; base; cost; density; design; epidemiological model; feeding; fight against; fitness; intervention program; life history; malaria mosquito; malaria transmission; optimism; predictive modeling; pressure; public health relevance; reproductive; reproductive fitness; scale up; success; survivorship; tool; trait; vector; vector control; vector mosquito

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Malaria is still a major public health problem in Africa despite the continuous deployment of interventions within the region. Vector control is one of the important strategies being used in the fight against malaria. These efforts include large-scale distribution of long-lasting impregnated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Although these control measures have been successful in reducing malaria incidence since its initial scale-up in early 2000s, within the last few years there has been resurgence of malaria incidence in most parts of Africa, including Kenya. One of the factors that has been implicated in this malaria resurgence is insecticide resistance. The increased use of insecticide-based malaria vector control tools in the past decade have placed greater selection pressure on malaria vector populations resulting in higher rates of the incidence of insecticide resistance tha is likely to impact on the effectiveness of vector control. Despite increased control efforts, ther is evidence of limited impact and a resurgence of clinical malaria in parts of sub-Saharan Africa including Kenya. There is also evidence of shifts in vector behavior and species composition. There is pressing need to develop viable insecticide resistance management strategies. These strategies are predicated upon better understanding of the effects of insecticide resistance on vector behavior and fitness. The overall objective of this application is to determine the effect o insecticide resistance on the behavior and fitness of the main malaria vectors of Sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles gambiae, An. arabiensis and An. funestus, and their impact on malaria transmission in Kenya. The long-term objective is to determine the changes in the ecology of malaria vector species during the period of most intensive malaria intervention programs in Africa. I have designed 3 specific aims to achieve this objectives. This will be the first study tht will analyze and quantify behavioral resistance in the three main major malaria vector species in Africa using different insecticides. In Aim 1, we will determine how evolution of insecticide resistance in vector mosquitoes affects their feeding and resting behavior. Insecticide resistance could affect mosquitoes to adapt behaviorally and therefore change from feeding indoors to outdoors and resting outdoors because of pressure from the use of LLINs and IRS, which are indoor based. These behavioral changes will likely affect vector potential to transmit malaria. Aim 2 will test how insecticide resistance in vectors affects their fitness for development, survivorship, reproductive potential and infectiousness. The actual cost of the fitness needs to be studied to understand how the development of resistance affects the vectorial capacity of these vectors. Aim 3 is to predict and validate the consequences of insecticide resistance on malaria transmission which is important in helping policy makers to better parameterize models that guide malaria interventions. Results from this study will help understand the mechanisms for malaria resurgence in Africa, help to come out with better strategies to manage insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and help in coming up with models for malaria vector control.

 描述（由申请人提供）：尽管在非洲区域内不断部署干预措施，但疟疾仍然是非洲的一个主要公共卫生问题。病媒控制是防治疟疾的重要战略之一。这些努力包括大规模分发长效浸渍蚊帐和室内滞留喷洒。虽然这些控制措施自2000年代初初次扩大规模以来成功地降低了疟疾发病率，但在过去几年中，包括肯尼亚在内的非洲大部分地区疟疾发病率又有所回升。疟疾死灰复燃的因素之一是杀虫剂抗药性。在过去十年中，越来越多地使用以杀虫剂为基础的疟疾病媒控制工具，对疟疾病媒种群施加了更大的选择压力，导致杀虫剂抗药性发生率上升，这可能影响病媒控制的有效性。尽管加强了控制努力，但有证据表明，在包括肯尼亚在内的撒哈拉以南非洲部分地区，临床疟疾的影响有限，而且死灰复燃。还有证据表明病媒行为和物种组成发生了变化。迫切需要制定可行的杀虫剂抗药性管理战略。这些战略的前提是更好地了解杀虫剂抗性对媒介行为和健身的影响。本申请的总体目标是确定杀虫剂抗性对撒哈拉以南非洲的主要疟疾媒介冈比亚按蚊、冈比亚按蚊和冈比亚按蚊的行为和适合度的影响。arabiensis和安. funestus，以及它们对肯尼亚疟疾传播的影响。长期目标是确定在非洲最密集的疟疾干预方案期间疟疾病媒物种的生态变化。我设计了三个具体目标来实现这一目标。这将是第一项研究，它将分析和量化非洲三种主要疟疾病媒使用不同杀虫剂的行为抗性。在目标1中，我们将确定媒介蚊子的杀虫剂抗性的演变如何影响它们的进食和休息行为。杀虫剂的抗药性可能会影响蚊子的行为适应，因此，由于使用长效驱虫蚊帐和室内滞留喷雾杀虫剂的压力，蚊子从室内进食改为室外进食和在室外休息。这些行为变化可能会影响病媒传播疟疾的潜力。目标2将测试病媒对杀虫剂的抗药性如何影响其发育、生存、生殖潜力和传染性。需要研究适应性的实际成本，以了解抗性的发展如何影响这些载体的载体能力。目标3是预测和验证杀虫剂抗药性对疟疾传播的影响，这对于帮助决策者改进指导疟疾干预措施的参数模型非常重要。这项研究的结果将有助于了解非洲疟疾死灰复燃的机制，有助于提出更好的战略来管理疟疾病媒的杀虫剂耐药性，并有助于提出疟疾病媒控制模型。