Assessment of human long-term lead exposure using a confocal L-shell x-ray fluorescence method for bone lead measurements

使用共焦 L 壳 X 射线荧光方法进行骨铅测量来评估人体长期铅暴露

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    9754207
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 14万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2017-09-01 至 2021-07-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Lead is a well-known toxic element. Its presence in the human body has serious negative consequences on the human health and development even in trace concentrations. Developmental health problems in children exposed to lead such as reduced cognitive abilities, impaired hearing, hyperactivity and delayed puberty are particularly concerning. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2010 an estimated 535,000 children had a blood level of 5 μg/dL and about 24 million homes in the United States still had significant lead-based paint hazards. Blood lead levels were also reported to be higher for children ages 1-5 years old from lower-income families and for certain racial and ethnic groups. Lead accumulates predominantly in the bone tissue following prolonged exposure. Therefore, in vivo x-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements of lead concentration in bone is an important assessment tool for human lead burden. These measurements are currently performed using an analytical method based on the detection of K-shell XRF photons of lead (KXRF) in the tibia bone using a 109Cd radioactive source. Due to the relatively high costs and radiation safety concerns surrounding radioactive sources, the KXRF method usage was limited to several laboratories worldwide. The development of a novel, inexpensive, portable, and easy-to-use method for bone lead measurements has the potential to assess on a large scale the lead exposure of children. An alternative investigated in the past was to use the lower photon energy L-shell XRF detection of lead in bone (LXRF). Unfortunately, the LXRF studies reported sensitivity and accuracy values which did not meet the requirements of in vivo human lead bone measurements. Significant improvements to the past LXRF method can be made by using a confocal x-ray fluorescence (C-XRF) technique. The C-XRF is a novel approach to the traditional XRF that, in addition to the x-ray source and detector, uses two polycapillary x-ray lenses (PXLs): one focuses the excitation beam on a small volume element (SVE) within the sample (~1 nL) while the other guides the emergent XRF photons from the same SVE onto the x-ray detector. The advantages of the C-XRF technique are: 1. Better minimum detection limit (MDL) of lead due to x-ray scatter reduction associated with the PXLs collimation of the incident and emergent x-ray beams, 2. Well-defined incident-emergent x-ray beam geometry supports an integrated spectrometric calibration procedure eliminating the need of separate soft tissue measurements, 3. Improved tradeoff between the radiation dose and lead MDL which is possible by the significantly reduced human tissue volume irradiated in the C-XRF technique. A systematic study of lead C-XRF measurements in human tibia bone phantoms with overlying soft tissue is proposed. The results can lead to the design of a portable easy-to-use C-XRF device which can significantly elevate the role of in vivo bone lead measurement as a research, diagnostic, and screening tool.
铅是一种众所周知的有毒元素。它在人体内的存在对人体有严重的负面影响。 即使在微量浓度下也会对人类健康和发展产生不利影响。儿童发育健康问题 暴露于铅的人,如认知能力下降、听力受损、多动和青春期延迟, 特别是关于。根据美国环境保护署(EPA)2010年的数据, 535,000名儿童的血液水平为5 μg/dL,美国约有2400万家庭仍然存在 铅基油漆的重大危害。据报道,1-5岁儿童的血铅水平也较高 来自低收入家庭和某些种族和族裔群体的10岁以上儿童。铅主要积累 在骨组织中的含量因此,体内X射线荧光(XRF)测量 骨铅浓度是评价人体铅负荷重要工具。这些测量 目前使用基于检测铅的K壳层XRF光子(KXRF)的分析方法进行 用109镉放射源在胫骨上做了一个标记由于成本相对较高和辐射安全问题 由于KXRF方法在放射源周围的环境中的应用,KXRF方法仅限于世界各地的几个实验室。的 开发一种新的、廉价的、便携式的和易于使用的骨导测量方法, 有可能大规模评估儿童的铅暴露情况。过去研究的一种替代方法是 使用低光子能量L-shell XRF检测骨中的铅(LXRF)。不幸的是,LXRF的研究 报告的灵敏度和准确度值不符合体内人体铅骨的要求 测量.通过使用共焦X射线,可以对过去的LXRF方法进行重大改进。 荧光(C-XRF)技术。C-XRF是传统XRF的一种新方法, X射线源和检测器,使用两个多毛细管X射线透镜(PXL):一个将激发光束聚焦在 小体积元素(SVE)的样品(~1 nL),而另一个引导出射的XRF光子从 同样的SVE到X射线探测器上。C-XRF技术的优点是: 1.由于与PXL相关的X射线散射减少,铅的最低检出限(MDL)更好 入射和出射X射线束的准直, 2.定义明确的入射-出射X射线束几何形状支持集成的光谱校准 该过程消除了对单独的软组织测量的需要, 3.改善辐射剂量和铅MDL之间的权衡,这可能通过显著降低 在C-XRF技术中照射的人体组织体积。 对覆盖软组织的人体胫骨体模中的铅C-XRF测量进行了系统研究, 提出了结果可以导致便携式易于使用的C-XRF设备的设计,其可以显著地 提高体内骨铅测量作为研究、诊断和筛选工具的作用。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(4)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
A microbeam grazing-incidence approach to L-shell x-ray fluorescence measurements of lead concentration in bone and soft tissue phantoms.
一种微束掠入射方法,用于测量骨骼和软组织模型中铅浓度的 L 壳 X 射线荧光测量。
  • DOI:
    10.1088/1361-6579/aaad5a
  • 发表时间:
    2018
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.2
  • 作者:
    Gherase,MihaiRaul;Al-Hamdani,Summer
  • 通讯作者:
    Al-Hamdani,Summer
A novel calibration for L-shell x-ray fluorescence measurements of bone lead concentration using the strontium Kβ/Kαratio.
  • DOI:
    10.1088/1361-6579/abf886
  • 发表时间:
    2021-05-14
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.2
  • 作者:
    Gherase MR;Serna B;Kroeker S
  • 通讯作者:
    Kroeker S
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Mihai Raul Gherase其他文献

Mihai Raul Gherase的其他文献

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