Minority Stress Reactivity and Hazardous Drinking

少数人的应激反应和危险饮酒

• 批准号: 9755274
• 负责人: Ethan H. Mereish
• 金额: $ 16.93万
• 依托单位: AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9755274
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Address; Adult; Affect; Affective; Alcoholic beverage heavy drinker; Award; Biological Markers; Bisexual; Chronic stress; Clinical; Data; Development; Disadvantaged; Discrimination; Ecological momentary assessment; Economics; Environment; Event; Exposure to; Failure; Functional disorder; Gays; Health; Heterosexuals; Hydrocortisone; Imagery; Individual; Individual Differences; Institute of Medicine (U.S.); K-Series Research Career Programs; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Research; Lesbian; Link; Literature; Longevity; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Minority; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Personal Satisfaction; Physiological; Predictive Factor; Process; Psychophysiology; Public Health; Relaxation; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Risk; Salivary; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Scientist; Sex Orientation; Stress; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; alcohol craving; alcohol intervention; alcohol related consequences; alcohol use disorder; base; college; craving; disadvantaged population; drinking; drinking behavior; effective therapy; ethnic minority population; experience; hazardous drinking; health disparity; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; improved; individual variation; innovation; knowledge base; laboratory experiment; mortality; prospective; prospective test; public health priorities; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; response; sexual identity; sexual minority; skills; social stigma; stress reactivity; stressor; theories

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Disparities in hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorder (AUD) have been documented across several disadvantaged groups (e.g., racial/ethnic and sexual minorities). Hazardous drinking and its consequences are a major public health priority and concern given their significant economic, mortality, and morbidity burdens. Stigma and discrimination-related stressors (i.e., minority stressors) contribute to our understanding of health disparities among these groups. Given the importance of minority stressors in predicting hazardous drinking, the research aims of this Mentored Clinical Scientist Research Career Development Award (K08) are to conduct a rigorous, innovative, and multi-method examination of minority stress and its effects on drinking in the lab and the natural environment among one disadvantaged health disparities group. Sexual minority (SM; i.e., lesbian, gay, or bisexual) adults are at increased risk for hazardous drinking compared to heterosexuals. SMs experience minority stressors, which range from daily and momentary slights to more acute forms of stigma, and are directly correlated with hazardous drinking. However, major limitations of the extant SM literature include the lack of objective measures of reactivity to minority stressors (i.e., biological markers), overreliance on cross-sectional data, and failure to account for individual differences in appraisals of minority stress or the contributions of minority stress on hazardous drinking beyond individual differences in daily general stress and lifetime cumulative stress. In addition, little is known about mediating mechanisms between minority stress and hazardous drinking. Consistent with Institute of Medicine and NIH’s call to expand the scientific knowledge base on factors contributing to SMs’ elevated rates of drinking, the research aims of this K08 are to: 1) examine the effects of psychophysiological mechanisms underpinning appraised minority stress and alcohol craving in a lab experiment of 70 SMs who are at most risk for developing AUD (i.e., heavy drinkers); and 2) use experience sampling methods (i.e., EMA) over a 30-day period, to examine: a) the effects of psychophysiological stress reactivity from the lab on minority stress reactivity and drinking in the natural environment and b) the prospective effects of minority stress on proximal changes in affect and drinking and its consequences in real time. While conducting this research and participating in several training and mentorship activities, the K08 candidate will develop new expertise in: 1) experimental laboratory research; 2) psychophysiological stress research and salivary research methodology; 3) experience sampling field methods (i.e., EMA); and 4) advanced statistical approaches for analyzing intensive longitudinal EMA quantitative data and physiological salivary laboratory data. This proposed project builds upon the candidate’s past work examining the associations between minority stressors and health outcomes among sexual and racial/ethnic minorities. Completion of this K08 award will provide the candidate necessary skills to be an independent researcher capable of advancing our knowledge of stress-specific factors predicting hazardous drinking.

项目概要/摘要 危险饮酒和酒精使用障碍 (AUD) 的差异已在多个国家得到记录 弱势群体（例如，种族/族裔和性少数群体）。危险饮酒及其后果是 鉴于其巨大的经济、死亡率和发病率负担，这是一个主要的公共卫生优先事项和关注点。 与耻辱和歧视相关的压力源（即少数族裔压力源）有助于我们对健康的理解 这些群体之间的差异。鉴于少数压力源在预测危险饮酒方面的重要性， 指导临床科学家研究职业发展奖（K08）的研究目标是 对少数民族压力及其对饮酒的影响进行严格、创新和多方法的检查 实验室和自然环境属于弱势健康差异群体。性少数群体（SM； 与异性恋者相比，成人（即女同性恋、男同性恋或双性恋）的危险饮酒风险更高。 SM 会经历少数压力源，范围从日常和瞬间的轻视到更严重的形式 耻辱，并与有害饮酒直接相关。然而，现有 SM 的主要局限性 文献包括缺乏对少数压力源（即生物标记）反应的客观衡量标准， 过度依赖横截面数据，未能考虑少数群体评估中的个体差异 压力或少数人压力对危险饮酒的影响超出了日常的个体差异 一般压力和终生累积压力。此外，人们对两者之间的中介机制知之甚少。 少数人的压力和危险饮酒。符合医学研究所和 NIH 扩大研究范围的呼吁 关于导致 SM 饮酒率升高的因素的科学知识基础，该研究的目的 K08 的目的是： 1) 检查支持评估的少数群体压力的心理生理机制的影响 在一项实验室实验中，对 70 名 SM 进行了实验，他们最有可能患上 AUD（即严重酗酒） 饮酒者）； 2) 在 30 天的时间内使用经验抽样方法（即 EMA）来检查： 实验室对少数人应激反应和自然饮酒的心理生理应激反应的研究 环境和 b) 少数群体压力对情感和饮酒及其近期变化的预期影响 实时后果。在进行这项研究并参加多次培训和指导时 通过活动，K08 候选人将在以下方面发展新的专业知识：1）实验实验室研究； 2） 心理生理压力研究和唾液研究方法； 3）经验采样现场方法 （即 EMA）； 4) 用于分析密集纵向 EMA 定量数据的先进统计方法 和生理唾液实验室数据。该拟议项目以候选人过去的工作为基础 检查少数群体压力源与性别和种族/民族健康结果之间的关联 少数民族。完成 K08 奖项将为候选人提供成为独立人士所需的技能 研究人员能够提高我们对预测危险饮酒的特定压力因素的了解。