Understanding the Effects of Acute Stressors and Negative Emotion on Eating Behavior in Binge-Eating Disorder: The Role of Stressor-Induced Changes in Reward and Cognitive Control

项目摘要/摘要 暴食障碍(Bed)的特征是暴饮暴食(无节制消费)的反复发作 在短时间内获得大量食物)。床是美国最普遍的饮食失调症， 在全球范围内，它与严重的心理社会损害以及精神和身体疾病有关。 然而，即使有最有效的治疗，有床的人中也有相当一部分人没有。 体验好的结果。阐明暴饮暴食的生物行为机制对于获得 更好地了解治疗的效果及其变化的原因。在这种情况下，越来越多的证据表明 负面情绪在床上暴饮暴食中起着重要作用，但负面情绪与暴饮暴食之间的联系 饮食行为，包括其神经生物学机制，还没有被很好地理解。相比之下，不断增长的身体 文献表明，压力源通常会增加人们对美味食物的偏好 这一现象可能涉及食物奖励增加和减少的机制 认知控制。因此，K23研究项目的目标是检查压力源是否有更大的 糖尿病对年轻女性(可口)食物选择及相关血氧水平依赖活动的影响 以及这些应激源相关的影响是否与现实世界的暴饮暴食行为有关。与之相吻合 研究目标，K23将在以下关键领域提供培训和指导研究经验 实现候选人的长期职业目标，即成为一名独立的临床研究员，专注于 了解暴饮暴食背后的机制，最终目标是开发出更有针对性和 有效的干预措施：(1)神经科学和神经影像；(2)应激源及其影响的研究；(3) 评估真实世界的压力源、影响和饮食；(4)负责任的研究；和(5)总体 职业发展。为了实现这些培训目标，应聘者将参加相关的课程、研讨会和 科学会议并接受包括Diego Pizzagalli博士在内的专家团队的指导和培训 (主要导师)，James Hudson博士和Shelly Greenfield博士(共同导师)，以及Lisa Nickerson博士，Joanna 书名/作者声明/作者声明：/by J.研究和培训将在以下时间进行 McLean医院，一家拥有最先进的影像中心和进食障碍的精神病学教学医院 研究计划。麦克莱恩是哈佛医学院的附属公司，由于其 明确的机构对研究和学术/专业培训的承诺及其独特的机会 不同的临床和基础研究人员协作，更好地了解疾病和健康中的大脑。在……里面 除了在设计和实施以患者为中心的研究方面为候选人提供基本培训外 凭借复杂的行为和神经生物学测量，K23奖项将提供有关这一角色的新数据 床上的压力源和负面情绪。这一研究路线可以产生与以下方面相关的关键信息 开发更有效的床上干预措施，这是改善公共卫生的一个紧迫目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Binge-eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating (uncontrolled consumption of large amounts of food in a short time period). BED is the most prevalent eating disorder in the U.S. and globally, and it is associated with significant psychosocial impairment, and psychiatric and physical morbidity. However, even with the most efficacious treatments, a substantial proportion of those with BED do not experience good outcomes. Elucidating the biobehavioral mechanisms of binge eating is critical to gaining better understanding of treatments’ effects and why they vary. In this vein, converging evidence suggests that negative affect plays a significant role in binge eating in BED, but the link between negative affect and binge eating behavior, including its neurobiological mechanisms, is not well understood. In contrast, a growing body of literature suggests that stressors tend to increase preference for highly palatable food in the general population, and that this phenomenon may involve mechanisms of increased food reward and decreased cognitive control. Thus, the goal of the K23 research project is to examine whether stressors have greater effects on (palatable) food choice and related blood oxygenation level dependent activity in young women with BED, and whether these stressor-related effects relate to real-world binge eating behavior. Dovetailing with the research aims, the K23 will provide training and mentored research experience in the following areas critical to achieving the candidate’s long-term career goal of becoming an independent clinical investigator focused on understanding the mechanisms underlying binge eating, with the ultimate goal of developing more tailored and efficacious interventions: (1) neuroscience and neuroimaging; (2) the study of stressors and their effects; (3) assessment of real-world stressors, affect, and eating; (4) responsible conduct of research; and (5) general career development. To achieve these training goals, the candidate will attend relevant classes, seminars, and scientific conferences and receive mentoring and training from an expert team including Dr. Diego Pizzagalli (Primary Mentor), Drs. James Hudson and Shelly Greenfield (Co-Mentors), and Drs. Lisa Nickerson, Joanna Steinglass, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, & Stephen Wonderlich (Advisors). The research and training will occur at McLean Hospital, a psychiatric teaching hospital with a state-of-the-art imaging center and eating disorder research program. McLean, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, provides an ideal environment due to its clear institutional commitment to research and academic/professional training and its unique opportunities for diverse clinical and basic researchers to collaborate to better understand the brain in illness and health. In addition to providing the candidate essential training in designing and implementing patient-oriented research with sophisticated behavioral and neurobiological measures, the K23 award will provide novel data on the role of stressors and negative affect in BED. This line of research can yield critical information relevant to developing more efficacious interventions for BED, a compelling target for improving public health.