Understanding the Effects of Acute Stressors and Negative Emotion on Eating Behavior in Binge-Eating Disorder: The Role of Stressor-Induced Changes in Reward and Cognitive Control

项目总结/摘要 暴饮暴食症（BED）的特征是反复发作的暴饮暴食（不受控制的消费 在很短的时间内吃大量的食物）。BED是美国最常见的饮食失调症， 在全球范围内，它与严重的心理社会损害以及精神和身体疾病有关。 然而，即使使用最有效的治疗，也有相当一部分患有BED的人没有 体验良好的结果。阐明暴饮暴食的生物行为机制对于获得 更好地理解治疗的效果以及它们为什么会变化。在这方面，有证据表明， 负性情绪在床上暴饮暴食中起着重要作用，但负性情绪与暴饮暴食之间的联系 饮食行为，包括其神经生物学机制，还没有得到很好的理解。相反，一个成长的身体 的文献表明，压力往往会增加偏好高可口的食物，在一般情况下， 人口，这种现象可能涉及增加食物奖励和减少的机制， 认知控制因此，K23研究项目的目标是检查压力源是否具有更大的 对年轻女性（可口）食物选择和相关血氧水平依赖性活动的影响 以及这些与压力相关的影响是否与现实世界的暴饮暴食行为有关。与 研究目标，K23将在以下关键领域提供培训和指导研究经验， 实现候选人的长期职业目标，成为一名独立的临床研究者，专注于 了解暴饮暴食背后的机制，最终目标是开发更有针对性的， 有效的干预措施：（1）神经科学和神经影像学;（2）压力源及其影响的研究;（3） 评估现实世界的压力源，影响和饮食;（4）负责任的研究行为;（5）一般 职业发展。为了实现这些培训目标，候选人将参加相关课程，研讨会， 科学会议，并接受包括Diego Pizzagalli博士在内的专家团队的指导和培训 （初级导师）、James哈德逊博士和Shelly格林菲尔德博士（共同导师）以及丽莎尼克森博士、乔安娜 Steinglass，Marian Tanofsky-Kraff，& Stephen Wonderlich（顾问）.研究和培训将在 姆克林医院，一家精神病教学医院，拥有最先进的成像中心和饮食失调症 研究计划。姆克林是哈佛医学院的附属机构，由于其 对研究和学术/专业培训作出明确的机构承诺， 不同的临床和基础研究人员合作，以更好地了解疾病和健康的大脑。在 除了为候选人提供设计和实施以患者为导向的研究的基本培训外， 通过复杂的行为和神经生物学测量，K23奖将提供关于这种作用的新数据。 压力源和负面影响的影响。这条研究路线可以产生与以下方面相关的关键信息： 为BED制定更有效的干预措施，这是改善公共卫生的一个紧迫目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Binge-eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating (uncontrolled consumption of large amounts of food in a short time period). BED is the most prevalent eating disorder in the U.S. and globally, and it is associated with significant psychosocial impairment, and psychiatric and physical morbidity. However, even with the most efficacious treatments, a substantial proportion of those with BED do not experience good outcomes. Elucidating the biobehavioral mechanisms of binge eating is critical to gaining better understanding of treatments’ effects and why they vary. In this vein, converging evidence suggests that negative affect plays a significant role in binge eating in BED, but the link between negative affect and binge eating behavior, including its neurobiological mechanisms, is not well understood. In contrast, a growing body of literature suggests that stressors tend to increase preference for highly palatable food in the general population, and that this phenomenon may involve mechanisms of increased food reward and decreased cognitive control. Thus, the goal of the K23 research project is to examine whether stressors have greater effects on (palatable) food choice and related blood oxygenation level dependent activity in young women with BED, and whether these stressor-related effects relate to real-world binge eating behavior. Dovetailing with the research aims, the K23 will provide training and mentored research experience in the following areas critical to achieving the candidate’s long-term career goal of becoming an independent clinical investigator focused on understanding the mechanisms underlying binge eating, with the ultimate goal of developing more tailored and efficacious interventions: (1) neuroscience and neuroimaging; (2) the study of stressors and their effects; (3) assessment of real-world stressors, affect, and eating; (4) responsible conduct of research; and (5) general career development. To achieve these training goals, the candidate will attend relevant classes, seminars, and scientific conferences and receive mentoring and training from an expert team including Dr. Diego Pizzagalli (Primary Mentor), Drs. James Hudson and Shelly Greenfield (Co-Mentors), and Drs. Lisa Nickerson, Joanna Steinglass, Marian Tanofsky-Kraff, & Stephen Wonderlich (Advisors). The research and training will occur at McLean Hospital, a psychiatric teaching hospital with a state-of-the-art imaging center and eating disorder research program. McLean, an affiliate of Harvard Medical School, provides an ideal environment due to its clear institutional commitment to research and academic/professional training and its unique opportunities for diverse clinical and basic researchers to collaborate to better understand the brain in illness and health. In addition to providing the candidate essential training in designing and implementing patient-oriented research with sophisticated behavioral and neurobiological measures, the K23 award will provide novel data on the role of stressors and negative affect in BED. This line of research can yield critical information relevant to developing more efficacious interventions for BED, a compelling target for improving public health.