Child Sleep as a Mechanism and Moderator in the Development of Health Disparities

项目摘要 美国青少年睡眠不足是一个主要的公共健康问题。许多年轻人的经验 睡眠不足和质量差，这会损害身心健康和认知能力， 学术成就这项研究的重大差距包括缺乏长期的调查- 长期适应和适应不良的发展轨迹与客观 评估了年轻人的睡眠障碍。此外，了解社会经济背景 儿童的睡眠仍然是该领域的一个关键空白。事实上，了解 解释健康差距以及防止或防止健康差距的因素是 高科学优先级（2020年健康人）。拟议的研究解决了这些差距， 推进父母补助金的发现。该设计建立在一个充分表征的3波研究基础上， 涉及三个额外的波浪。样本包括355名青年（第四次研究时为15-16岁 波）从半农村亚拉巴马，与非洲裔美国人和经济的高代表性 逆境设计的优势包括大而多样的样本， 跨重要结果领域的测量和6个研究波，允许分析 心理健康、身体健康、自主神经系统活动的长期轨迹，以及 健康差异背景下的认知-学术功能。结构评估为 多种手段和线人通过体动记录仪客观地检查睡眠， 主观上。自主神经系统的活动是用公认的指标来测量的， 程序.这项研究将通过检查睡眠， 解释、加剧或减弱社会经济和种族歧视负面影响的变量 健康差距（PA-13-292，关于理解和 减少健康差距; PA-14-033，减少少数族裔和少数族裔之间的健康差距 服务不足的儿童），并通过审查被确定为公共卫生优先事项的成果， 包括心理健康、身体健康、学习成绩和压力反应系统。 我们将在广泛的社会生态风险中解决睡眠过程， 测试的互动和推广到不同的儿童。研究结果将照亮睡眠， 行为和生态干预目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY Sleep deprivation in American youth is a major public health problem. Many youth experience insufficient and poor quality sleep, which can impair mental and physical health and cognitive- academic achievement. Significant gaps in this research include scarce investigations of long- term developmental trajectories of adaptation and maladaptation associated with objectively assessed sleep disturbances in youth. Furthermore, understanding the socioeconomic context of children’s sleep remains a critical gap in the field. Indeed, understanding mechanisms that explain health disparities as well as factors that prevent or protect against health disparities are high scientific priorities (Healthy People 2020). The proposed study addresses these gaps and advances parent grant discoveries. The design builds on a well-characterized 3-wave study and involves 3 additional waves. The sample consists of 355 youth (15-16 years at the fourth study wave) from semi-rural Alabama, with a high representation of African Americans and economic adversity. Strengths of the design include the large and diverse sample, breadth of measurement across important outcome domains, and 6 study waves, permitting analyses of long-term trajectories of mental health, physical health, autonomic nervous system activity, and cognitive-academic functioning in the context of health disparities. Constructs are assessed with multiple measures and informants. Sleep is examined objectively, via actigraphy, and subjectively. Autonomic nervous system activity is measured with well-established indices and procedures. The study will advance understanding of sleep in youth, by examining sleep variables that explain, exacerbate, or attenuate the negative effects of socioeconomic and racial health disparities (PA-13-292, Behavioral and Social Science Research on Understanding and Reducing Health Disparities; PA-14-033, Reducing Health Disparities among Minority and Underserved Children), and by examining outcomes identified as public health priorities, including mental health, physical health, academic performance, and stress response systems. We will address sleep processes across a wide range of social-ecological risk, thereby allowing tests of interactions and generalization to diverse children. Findings will illuminate sleep, behavioral, and ecological targets for intervention.