Understanding the Aging Process of Urban African Americans Across the Life Course: Identifying Early Risk and Protection for Cognition and Health in Midlife

了解城市非裔美国人整个生命过程的衰老过程：识别早期风险并保护中年认知和健康

• 批准号: 9764222
• 负责人: Kerry M Green
• 金额: $ 75.19万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9764222
• 关键词: Adolescence; Affect; African American; Age; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease related dementia; Attention; Birth; Buffers; Cause of Death; Characteristics; Chicago; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Cities; Cognition; Cognitive; Cohort Studies; Communities; Comparative Study; Complex; Coping Behavior; Crime; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Death Records; Dementia; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Disadvantaged; Early Intervention; Economics; Education; Elderly; Ethnic group; Event; Family; Food; Gender; Goals; Health; Health Status; Home environment; Homelessness; Housing; Impaired cognition; Imprisonment; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Life Expectancy; Life Experience; Longitudinal prospective study; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mothers; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Physical Function; Policy Making; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Poverty; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Premature Mortality; Process; Psyche structure; Public Health; Race; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Schools; Social Well-Being; Social isolation; Social support; Societal Factors; Societies; Stress; Structure; Subgroup; Substance Use Disorder; Surveys; Technology; Testing; Time; Trauma; Urban Health; Work; base; brain health; cognitive function; cohort; college; coping; development policy; deviant; early life adversity; epidemiology study; experience; first grade; follow-up; health disparity; high school; improved; member; middle age; mortality; personalized approach; population based; prevent; prospective; protective factors; social; stressor; success; teacher; theories; therapy development; urban setting

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Black Americans experience disproportionate poor aging outcomes, including pronounced disparities in brain health (e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease), significant social isolation, and nearly twice the mortality rate compared to Whites. Although it is purported that these adverse health outcomes are due to a combination of greater adversity over the life course and unhealthy coping behaviors, few studies have prospectively examined these aspects of the lives of Blacks from childhood into the 60s. This developmental epidemiological study focuses on life course pathways to successful aging in a large community cohort of urban Blacks first studied at age 6, then in adolescence, and at ages 32 and 42. The proposed fifth round of data collection at age 60 is crucial for examining individual and contextual life course trajectories affecting the aging experience. The specific aims are to: (1) identify the array of aging experiences for the Woodlawn cohort of Blacks at age 60 using indicators of cognitive, physical, functional, social, and mental health, (2) determine specific stressors across the life course that influence aging, and (3) identify specific and malleable protective factors across the life course that promote physical, mental, cognitive and social well-being for urban Blacks. This comprehensive study has followed nearly all children entering first grade in 1966 in Woodlawn, a poor Chicago community (N=1242). We have collected information from mothers, teachers, and official school, criminal, and death records as well as data from cohort members themselves and now have an invaluable opportunity to examine well being comprehensively over the life course for an underinvestigated population. This one-of-a-kind study spanning more than 50 years will allow in-depth exploration of both normative development and deviance, challenging assumptions of Black homogeneity and reframing the current deficit conceptualization, to focus instead on pathways to successful aging, cognitive functioning, and health. Guided by the life course perspective and stress theory, the experienced, uniquely qualified research team will employ advanced locating technology and sophisticated analytical approaches tailored to longitudinal research. This research will contribute to understanding life course influences on aging in urban Blacks. Our long-term goal is to inform intervention development and policy making by identifying critical pivotal influences along the life course that alter aging trajectories and improve health outcomes. In addition, this study will produce a dataset that can be used by us and others for many years to identify complex patterns, subgroup differences, indirect pathways and targets for early intervention that are critical to reduce health disparities and improve health outcomes for at-risk urban Blacks. This work aligns with NIA’s strategic direction, which aims to (1) better understand the effects of personal, interpersonal, and societal factors on later life cognitive impairment (e.g., Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia) and aging, (2) understand health disparities, and (3) develop strategies to improve the health status of older adults in diverse populations.

项目总结/摘要 美国黑人经历了不成比例的不良老龄化结果，包括大脑发育的明显差异。 健康（例如，阿尔茨海默氏症），严重的社会孤立，和近两倍的死亡率相比， 白人尽管据称这些不利的健康结果是由于更大的 生活过程中的逆境和不健康的应对行为，很少有研究前瞻性地研究这些 从童年到60年代黑人生活的各个方面。这项发展流行病学研究的重点是 在6岁时首次研究的一个大型城市黑人社区队列中， 然后是青春期，32岁和42岁。拟议的第五轮60岁数据收集对以下方面至关重要： 研究影响老化经验的个人和背景生活过程轨迹。具体目标 是：（1）确定一系列老化的经验，为伍德劳恩队列黑人在60岁时，使用指标 认知，身体，功能，社会和心理健康，（2）确定生活中的具体压力源 影响衰老的过程，以及（3）确定整个生命过程中特定的和可塑性的保护因素， 促进城市黑人的身体、精神、认知和社会福祉。这项全面的研究 1966年，在一个贫穷的芝加哥社区伍德劳恩，对几乎所有进入一年级的儿童进行了跟踪调查（N=1242）。我们 我从母亲、教师、官方学校、犯罪记录和死亡记录中收集了信息， 现在有一个宝贵的机会来检查健康状况 对一个调查不足的人群的生命历程进行全面的研究。这项独一无二的研究 50多年的历史将使我们能够深入探索规范发展和越轨行为，这是具有挑战性的 假设黑色同质性和重构目前的赤字概念，而不是集中在 通往成功衰老、认知功能和健康的途径。以生命历程观点为指导， 压力理论，经验丰富，独特的合格的研究团队将采用先进的定位技术， 为纵向研究量身定制的复杂分析方法。这项研究将有助于 了解生命历程对城市黑人老龄化的影响。我们的长期目标是告知干预 通过确定改变老龄化的生命过程中沿着的关键关键影响， 轨迹和改善健康结果。此外，这项研究将产生一个数据集，可供我们使用 和其他人多年来确定复杂的模式，亚组差异，间接途径和目标， 早期干预对于减少健康差距和改善高危城市人口的健康结果至关重要 黑人这项工作符合NIA的战略方向，其目的是（1）更好地了解 个人、人际和社会因素对晚年认知障碍的影响（例如，老年痴呆症， 痴呆症）和老龄化，（2）了解健康差异，（3）制定战略，以改善健康状况 不同人群中的老年人。