Neural mechanisms of pathological selfishness
病理性自私的神经机制
基本信息
- 批准号:9765040
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 6.16万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2018-08-01 至 2021-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AddressAffectiveAggressive behaviorAltruismAnteriorBehaviorBehavioralBehavioral ModelBrainCharacteristicsClinicalCognitiveCompassionComputer SimulationCooperative BehaviorDecision MakingDiagnosisDiseaseEconomic ModelsEconomicsEmotionalEmpathyEmployment OpportunitiesFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingHealth Care CostsHumanIndividualInsula of ReilInterventionLeadLiteratureMachine LearningMapsMental disordersMethodsNarcissismNeurocognitiveParticipantPathologicPatient Self-ReportPatternPhenotypeProcessPsyche structurePsychopathPublic HealthQuestionnairesResearchResourcesRoleSupervisionTrainingTranscranial magnetic stimulationaffective neuroscienceantisocial behaviorbasecognitive neuroscienceindividual variationinterestneural networkneuroeconomicsneuroimagingneuromechanismpreferencepsychopathic personalityrecruitrelating to nervous systemsocialsocial neurosciencetrait
项目摘要
Project Summary
The focus of this proposal is a 3-year training plan that will allow me to build on my prior research on the
cognitive neuroscience of empathy and altruism to take a neuroeconomic approach to understanding
excessively selfish social preferences. Supervised by experts in neuroeconomics (Dr. Kable) and transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) (Dr. Oathes), I will examine how deficits in affective and cognitive empathy may
independently contribute to selfish behavior, at both the behavioral and neural levels. Clinical disorders
including psychopathy and narcissism are characterized by empathic deficits and pathological selfishness, in
which social choices are abnormally self-interested. Further, affective and cognitive empathy have been found
to be dissociable behaviorally and neurally. The proposed research will build on these findings in several
important ways. First, behavioral modeling approaches common in neuroeconomics will be used to quantify
selfish social preferences and examine how both decreased generosity and decreased advantageous inequity
aversion are associated with empathic deficits. Second, advanced cognitive neuroscience methods will be
used to examine how affective and cognitive empathy networks independently contribute to selfishness. This
will be accomplished through both individual-level cross-task decoding via multivoxel pattern analysis and the
use of TMS to disrupt neural activation to causally implicate neural regions in selfish behavior. Across three
research aims, a modified dictator game (DG) will be utilized to quantify both generosity and inequity aversion.
The first aim is to characterize excessive selfishness behaviorally through the use of economic paradigms and
trait self-report questionnaires. It is expected that highly selfish individuals will have lower trait empathy and
higher levels of psychopathic and narcissistic traits. The second aim is to characterize excessive selfishness
neurally through the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging during social preference choices and
empathic processing. It is hypothesized that individual variation in selfish behavior in the DG will be
independently predicted by decreased expression of brain-wide multivariate patterns associated with affective
and cognitive empathy, centered on anterior insula (AI) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ). The third aim is to
examine the causal roles of the AI and TPJ in social preferences through the use of brain stimulation. Through
the use of TMS, we can disrupt neural processing in these regions, thus allowing for causal inference about the
roles of these regions in selfishness. It is expected that disrupting neural activation in the TPJ will cause an
increase in selfish behavior in the DG via the disruption of cognitive empathy, while indirect disruption of the AI
will cause an increase in selfish behavior via disruption of affective empathy. Better computational
understanding of how affective and cognitive empathic deficits independently contribute to excessively selfish
tendencies, and how these deficits map to psychopathic and narcissistic traits, could inform individualized
clinical interventions utilizing excitatory brain stimulation to enhance the implicated empathic neural networks.
项目摘要
本提案的重点是一个为期3年的培训计划,该计划将使我能够在之前的研究基础上再接再厉,
同理心和利他主义的认知神经科学,采取神经经济学的方法来理解
过度自私的社会偏好。由神经经济学(凯布尔博士)和经颅神经科学专家监督。
磁刺激(TMS)(博士誓言),我将研究如何在情感和认知共情赤字可能
在行为和神经水平上,独立地促成自私行为。临床障碍
包括精神病态和自恋,其特征是移情缺陷和病态自私,
哪些社会选择是不正常的自我利益。此外,情感和认知移情已经被发现,
在行为和神经上是可分离的。拟议的研究将建立在这些发现的基础上,
首先,神经经济学中常见的行为建模方法将用于量化
自私的社会偏好,并研究如何减少慷慨和减少有利的不公平
厌恶与移情缺陷有关。第二,先进的认知神经科学方法将
用于研究情感和认知共情网络如何独立地促进自私。这
将通过两个单独的多像素水平的交叉任务解码,通过多像素模式分析和
使用经颅磁刺激来破坏神经激活,从而使神经区域与自私行为有因果关系。
研究目的,一个修改的独裁者游戏(DG)将被用来量化慷慨和不公平厌恶。
第一个目的是通过使用经济范式,
特质自我报告问卷。预计高度自私的个体将有较低的特质同理心,
更高水平的精神病态和自恋特征。第二个目的是描述过度自私的特征
通过在社会偏好选择期间使用功能性磁共振成像,
共情处理。假设DG中自私行为的个体差异将是
通过与情感障碍相关的全脑多变量模式的表达减少独立预测,
和认知共情,以前额叶(AI)和颞顶连接(TPJ)为中心。第三个目标是
通过使用脑刺激来检查AI和TPJ在社会偏好中的因果作用。通过
通过使用TMS,我们可以破坏这些区域的神经处理,从而允许对这些区域的因果关系进行推断。
这些区域在自私中的作用。预计破坏TPJ中的神经激活将导致
通过破坏认知同理心,DG中的自私行为增加,而间接破坏AI
会通过情感移情的破坏导致自私行为的增加。更好的计算
理解情感和认知共情缺陷如何独立地导致过度自私
倾向,以及这些缺陷如何映射到精神病和自恋的特征,可以告知个性化的
临床干预利用兴奋性脑刺激,以提高牵连移情神经网络。
项目成果
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