Systems Science Approaches for Assessing Cumulative Impacts of Air Pollution and Psychosocial Stressors onNeurocognitive Outcomes Among Children

标题：评估空气污染累积影响的系统科学方法 心理社会应激对儿童神经认知功能的影响 翻译后摘要：这个TIEHR职业奖（K 01）的研究目标是评估环境空气的影响 污染暴露和心理社会压力对儿童神经认知功能差异的影响 流行病学和系统科学建模方法。核心假设是， 多种环境污染物/污染物和非化学应激源造成差异， 儿童神经发育不良。新兴的科学研究表明， 化学和社会压力源的累积暴露对儿童和成人认知结果的影响， 这些不同的压力源影响共同的生物基质。目前的环境政策 管制在没有任何社会/物理背景的情况下确定的单一污染物/污染物暴露， 低估了真正的健康风险。研究围绕三个具体目标展开。目标1涉及 评估早期生活中累积暴露于PM2.5和心理社会压力源与 使用ECLS出生队列（n= 5，800）的数据评估儿童的认知功能并测试是否 种族/民族和性别改变了这些关联。对于目标2，将绘制系统因果回路图 研究环境神经毒物和社会压力源的累积效应对 儿童的神经发育障碍的差异，使用参与式系统模型建设的方法。 目标1和2的结果将为目标3的模拟建模提供信息。目标3涉及构建初步的 定量系统动力学模拟模型用于评估累积空气污染和社会压力 暴露对儿童认知结果的人口水平趋势的影响。K 01 TIEHR职业奖 候选人是一个终身助理教授与马里兰州应用环境卫生研究所， 马里兰州大学公共卫生学院流行病学和生物统计学系。她 长期的职业目标是在研究中发展科学领导力，解决社会和环境的累积影响。 环境神经毒物暴露，可能会对儿童的认知能力，学术 表现和随之而来的教育轨迹，成人健康，财富和社会地位。K 01奖项 将支持她的教学和经验培训1）神经生物学机制涉及儿童的 认知结果，2）使用大型数据集进行环境流行病学研究的新技能，以及3） 系统建模在健康差异中的应用。她所在的机构拥有环境保护方面的专业知识， 流行病学、生物统计学和健康差异研究。这项研究将大大有助于 开发系统模型，以检查累积暴露的潜在加剧影响， 对大脑发育产生不利影响，这是NIEHS使命的一个战略利益领域。

Title: Systems Science Approaches for Assessing Cumulative Impacts of Air Pollution and Psychosocial Stressors on Neurocognitive Outcomes Among Children Abstract: The research objective of this TIEHR Career Award (K01) is to evaluate the effects of ambient air pollution exposures and psychosocial stressors on disparities in children’s neurocognitive functioning using epidemiological and systems science modeling approaches. The central hypothesis is that exposures to multiple environmental contaminant/pollutant and nonchemical stressors create disparities in and enhance adverse neurodevelopment among children. Emerging science is demonstrating enhanced toxic effects of cumulative exposures to chemical and social stressors on cognitive outcomes in children and adults, indicating that these disparate stressors affect common biological substrates. However, current environmental policies regulate single contaminant /pollutant exposures determined in the absence of any social/physical context, likely underestimating true health risks. The research is structured around three Specific Aims. Aim 1 involves assessing the association of cumulative early life exposures to PM2.5 and psychosocial stressors with children’s cognitive function using data from the ECLS Birth Cohort (n=5,800) and testing whether race/ethnicity and sex modify these associations. For Aim 2, a systems causal loop diagram will be developed to examine the pathways for cumulative effects of environmental neurotoxicants and social stressors on children’s neurodevelopmental disorder disparities using a participatory systems model building approach. Results from Aims 1 and 2 will inform simulation modeling in Aim 3. Aim 3 involves constructing a preliminary quantitative system dynamics simulation model for assessing cumulative air pollution and social stressor exposure impacts on population level trends in children’s cognitive outcomes. The K01 TIEHR Career Award Candidate is a tenure-track Assistant Professor with the Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Maryland School of Public Health. Her long-term career goal is to develop scientific leadership in research addressing cumulative effects of social and environmental neurotoxicant exposures that can negatively affect children’s cognitive abilities, academic performance and consequent educational trajectories, adult health, wealth and social status. This K01 award will support her didactic and experiential training in 1) neurobiological mechanisms involved in children’s cognitive outcomes, 2) new skills in environmental epidemiology research using large datasets, and 3) application of systems modeling to health disparities. Her home institution has expertise in environmental epidemiology, biostatistics and health disparities research. This research will contribute significantly to the development of systems models to examine the potential heightened impact of cumulative exposures that adversely impact brain development, an area of strategic interest to the mission of NIEHS.