New Vaccine Surveillance Network SUPPLEMENT

新疫苗监测网络补充

• 批准号: 9763386
• 负责人: Marian G Michaels
• 金额: $ 100万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9763386
• 关键词: New; Vaccine; Surveillance; Network; SUPPLEMENT

Summary Acute respiratory illness (ARI) and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) are leading causes of disease in children in the U.S. and globally. These infections contribute a substantial burden of morbidity, mortality, and direct health care costs, in addition to the indirect costs associated with parental leave from work. Many cases of ARI are caused by viruses, including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and others. Similarly, most AGE in the U.S. is associated with viruses, including rotavirus and others. There are few or no effective antivirals for these, and therefore vaccination is the most promising intervention. Licensed vaccines are available for influenza and rotavirus; candidate vaccines for other pathogens are in development. Active, prospective surveillance is necessary to establish “real-world” vaccine effectiveness (VE). Moreover, population-based surveillance can discover the burden of potentially vaccine- preventable diseases and guide policymakers and industry. The infrastructure provided by the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) will facilitate these goals, as well as allowing the description of the clinical features, natural history, and population dynamics of these illnesses. The Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh (CHP) offers an ideal environment to conduct the proposed population-based research, as CHP is the only major provider of pediatric inpatient and Emergency Department (ED) care in Allegheny County and the region. We propose three Specific Aims. Aim 1: To evaluate the effectiveness and impact(s) of current or upcoming vaccines and other immunoprophylaxis strategies, and inform pediatric vaccine-related policies. Using test-negative case-control methods, we will calculate the annual VE of influenza and rotavirus vaccines against medically attended ARI and AGE. Aim 2: To actively assess the burden of AGE and ARI (including illness with laboratory-confirmed viral etiologies) in the pediatric population. We will perform laboratory confirmation of viral etiologies of ARI and AGE among ill subjects enrolled in the inpatient or ED, and healthy controls enrolled at well-child visits. Aim 3: To establish the natural history of disease for pediatric infectious diseases, transmission dynamics, vaccine impacts for targeted and vulnerable populations, and socioeconomic and microbiological environments potentially relevant to public health interventions. We will capture extensive clinical and demographic data on enrolled subjects and healthy controls. Subjects will be tested for additional ARI- and AGE-associated viruses. The completion of this project will provide new data regarding the VE of licensed vaccines; define the population-based burden of potentially vaccine-preventable diseases; and establish the natural history and disease association of multiple human viruses. These results will guide the development of new vaccines and antivirals, inform public health policies, and enhance the health outcomes of children in the U.S. and globally.

概括 急性呼吸道疾病（ARI）和急性胃肠炎（AGE）是导致疾病的主要原因 美国和全球的儿童。这些感染造成了发病率、死亡率和死亡率的巨大负担 除了与育儿假相关的间接费用外，还包括直接医疗保健费用。案例较多 急性呼吸道感染是由病毒引起的，包括流感、呼吸道合胞病毒等。同样，大多数 AGE 在美国，它与病毒有关，包括轮状病毒和其他病毒。 对于这些疾病，有效的抗病毒药物很少或根本没有，因此疫苗接种是最有希望的 干涉。有针对流感和轮状病毒的许可疫苗；其他候选疫苗 病原体正在发育。积极、前瞻性的监测对于开发“真实世界”疫苗是必要的 有效性（VE）。此外，基于人群的监测可以发现潜在的疫苗负担 可预防的疾病并为政策制定者和行业提供指导。新疫苗提供的基础设施 监控网络（NVSN）将促进这些目标的实现，并允许描述临床情况 这些疾病的特征、自然史和人口动态。匹兹堡儿童医院 （CHP）为开展拟议的基于人群的研究提供了理想的环境，因为 CHP 是唯一 阿勒格尼县及该地区儿科住院和急诊科 (ED) 护理的主要提供者。 我们提出三个具体目标。目标 1：评估当前或 即将推出的疫苗和其他免疫预防策略，并告知儿科疫苗相关 政策。使用检测阴性病例对照方法，我们将计算流感和轮状病毒的年度VE 针对就医的 ARI 和 AGE 的疫苗。目标 2：积极评估 AGE 和 ARI 的负担 （包括实验室确认的病毒病因的疾病）儿科人群。我们将表演 住院患者或急诊室登记的患病受试者中 ARI 和 AGE 病毒病因的实验室确认， 以及健康儿童就诊时登记的健康对照。目标 3：建立疾病自然史 儿科传染病、传播动态、疫苗对目标群体和弱势群体的影响 人口以及可能与公众相关的社会经济和微生物环境 健康干预措施。我们将收集有关登记受试者的广泛临床和人口统计数据， 健康的控制。受试者将接受额外的 ARI 和 AGE 相关病毒检测。 该项目的完成将提供有关许可疫苗的VE的新数据；定义 潜在的疫苗可预防疾病的人口负担；并建立自然历史和 多种人类病毒的疾病关联。这些结果将指导新疫苗的开发 抗病毒药物，为公共卫生政策提供信息，并改善美国和全球儿童的健康状况。