Enhanced Surveillance for New Vaccine Preventable Diseases

加强对新疫苗可预防疾病的监测

• 批准号: 9206762
• 负责人: MARY A STAAT
• 金额: $ 21.43万
• 依托单位: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9206762
• 关键词: Enhanced; Surveillance; New; Vaccine; Preventable

PROJECT SUMMARY ABSTRACT FOR THE NVSN CORE The purpose of this project is to support a network of US pediatric institutions to conduct prospective, active surveillance in defined inpatient and emergency department (ED) populations for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) and in asymptomatic healthy controls for evaluation of disease burden and annual estimates of influenza and rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE). The results from this program will be used to inform vaccine recommendations and assess the public health impact of the US rotavirus and influenza vaccination programs and provide epidemiologic data for other infectious diseases with therapeutics and vaccines in development. A second purpose is to prospectively follow children from birth to age two for a natural history study of pathogens and immunologic factors related to symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. Our proposal for this study is provided separately as an Optional Component. The first objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of current or upcoming vaccines or other immunoprophylaxis strategies and to inform pediatric vaccine-related policies. This will be done through the AGE and ARI active surveillance program. The rotavirus and influenza vaccine programs will be evaluated. Children with AGE enrolled in the hospital and ED will have stool tested for rotavirus and rotavirus vaccine verification completed. Using a test-negative design, the vaccination status of children with laboratory- confirmed rotavirus will be compared to children testing negative for rotavirus to determine the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines by age and vaccine type. Children > 6 months to 18 years of age hospitalized for ARI will be enrolled, nasal and throat swabs will be tested by influenza RT-PCR and vaccine verification will be completed. VE estimates will be made using a test-negative study design by age, vaccine type and influenza sub-types. The secondary objective is to actively assess the burden of AGE and ARI pathogens in pediatric hospital and ED populations using sensitive laboratory techniques on specimens collected during the 5 years of the project. A separate healthy control surveillance program will provide age and season frequency matched children for comparison to ill children for both AGE and ARI pathogens. Age- and pathogen-specific population-based estimates of incidence will be made by site and setting (hospital and ED). A third objective is to examine the epidemiologic, host and environmental factors that are relevant for public health interventions of vaccine preventable diseases and diseases in need of preventive or treatment strategies. This will be done through investigator-initiated proposals through the surveillance and optional component. This surveillance network and its associated activities will lead to high impact public health findings in the field of vaccine preventable diseases that will ultimately contribute to strategies to reduce the overall healthcare burden from these diseases and improve the health of the US population.

NVSN核心的项目摘要 该项目的目的是支持美国儿科机构网络进行预期的、积极的 确定的住院和急诊科(ED)人群急性胃肠炎(AGE)监测 和急性呼吸道疾病(ARI)和无症状健康对照进行疾病负担评估 以及流感和轮状病毒疫苗有效性的年度估计(VE)。这项计划的结果将是 用于告知疫苗建议和评估美国轮状病毒对公共健康的影响 流感疫苗接种计划，并通过治疗提供其他传染病的流行病学数据 以及正在研发的疫苗。第二个目的是前瞻性地跟踪儿童从出生到两岁 与有症状和无症状相关的病原体和免疫因素的自然病史研究 感染。我们对这项研究的建议作为一个可选部分单独提供。 第一个目标是评估当前或即将到来的疫苗或其他疫苗的有效性和影响 免疫预防战略，并为儿科疫苗相关政策提供信息。这将通过 年龄和ARI主动监视计划。轮状病毒和流感疫苗计划将得到评估。 在医院和急诊室登记的适龄儿童将接受轮状病毒和轮状病毒疫苗的粪便检测 验证已完成。采用试验阴性设计，对有实验室的儿童的疫苗接种状况- 将确认的轮状病毒与轮状病毒检测阴性的儿童进行比较，以确定轮状病毒治疗的有效性 按年龄和疫苗类型分列的轮状病毒疫苗。6个月至18岁因急性呼吸窘迫综合征住院的儿童 登记后，将对鼻咽拭子进行流感RT-PCR检测，并完成疫苗验证。 VE评估将采用测试阴性研究设计，按年龄、疫苗类型和流感亚型进行。 次要目标是积极评估儿科医院和医院中年龄和ARI病原体的负担 使用敏感的实验室技术对该项目5年期间收集的样本进行ED人群调查。 一项单独的健康控制监测计划将为年龄和季节频率匹配的儿童提供 在年龄和ARI病原体方面与患病儿童进行比较。基于年龄和病原体的特定人群 发病率的估计将按地点和环境(医院和急诊室)进行。 第三个目标是检查与公众相关的流行病学、宿主和环境因素。 疫苗可预防疾病和需要预防或治疗战略的疾病的卫生干预。 这将通过由调查员通过监督和可选部分提出的提案来完成。 这一监测网络及其相关活动将在实地产生重大影响的公共卫生结果。 疫苗可预防的疾病，最终将有助于减少总体医疗保健的战略 减轻这些疾病的负担，并改善美国人口的健康。