Enhanced Surveillance for New Vaccine Preventable Diseases

加强对新疫苗可预防疾病的监测

• 批准号: 9206762
• 负责人: MARY A STAAT
• 金额: $ 21.43万
• 依托单位: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9206762
• 关键词: Enhanced; Surveillance; New; Vaccine; Preventable

PROJECT SUMMARY ABSTRACT FOR THE NVSN CORE The purpose of this project is to support a network of US pediatric institutions to conduct prospective, active surveillance in defined inpatient and emergency department (ED) populations for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) and in asymptomatic healthy controls for evaluation of disease burden and annual estimates of influenza and rotavirus vaccine effectiveness (VE). The results from this program will be used to inform vaccine recommendations and assess the public health impact of the US rotavirus and influenza vaccination programs and provide epidemiologic data for other infectious diseases with therapeutics and vaccines in development. A second purpose is to prospectively follow children from birth to age two for a natural history study of pathogens and immunologic factors related to symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. Our proposal for this study is provided separately as an Optional Component. The first objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of current or upcoming vaccines or other immunoprophylaxis strategies and to inform pediatric vaccine-related policies. This will be done through the AGE and ARI active surveillance program. The rotavirus and influenza vaccine programs will be evaluated. Children with AGE enrolled in the hospital and ED will have stool tested for rotavirus and rotavirus vaccine verification completed. Using a test-negative design, the vaccination status of children with laboratory- confirmed rotavirus will be compared to children testing negative for rotavirus to determine the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines by age and vaccine type. Children > 6 months to 18 years of age hospitalized for ARI will be enrolled, nasal and throat swabs will be tested by influenza RT-PCR and vaccine verification will be completed. VE estimates will be made using a test-negative study design by age, vaccine type and influenza sub-types. The secondary objective is to actively assess the burden of AGE and ARI pathogens in pediatric hospital and ED populations using sensitive laboratory techniques on specimens collected during the 5 years of the project. A separate healthy control surveillance program will provide age and season frequency matched children for comparison to ill children for both AGE and ARI pathogens. Age- and pathogen-specific population-based estimates of incidence will be made by site and setting (hospital and ED). A third objective is to examine the epidemiologic, host and environmental factors that are relevant for public health interventions of vaccine preventable diseases and diseases in need of preventive or treatment strategies. This will be done through investigator-initiated proposals through the surveillance and optional component. This surveillance network and its associated activities will lead to high impact public health findings in the field of vaccine preventable diseases that will ultimately contribute to strategies to reduce the overall healthcare burden from these diseases and improve the health of the US population.

NVSN核心项目摘要 该项目的目的是支持美国儿科机构网络进行前瞻性，积极的 在规定的住院和急诊（艾德）人群中监测急性胃肠炎（AGE） 和急性呼吸道疾病（ARI）和无症状健康对照，用于评估疾病负担 以及流感和轮状病毒疫苗有效性的年度估计。该计划的结果将 用于提供疫苗建议和评估美国轮状病毒对公共卫生的影响， 流感疫苗接种计划，并为其他传染病的治疗提供流行病学数据 以及正在开发的疫苗。第二个目的是前瞻性地跟踪从出生到两岁的儿童， 与有症状和无症状的疾病相关的病原体和免疫学因素的自然史研究 感染我们对本研究的建议作为可选组件单独提供。 第一个目标是评估目前或即将到来的疫苗或其他疫苗的有效性和影响。 免疫预防策略，并告知儿科疫苗相关政策。这将通过 AGE和ARI主动监测计划。将对轮状病毒和流感疫苗项目进行评估。 在医院和艾德登记的AGE儿童将进行粪便轮状病毒和轮状病毒疫苗检测 验证完成。采用阴性试验设计，对实验室- 确诊的轮状病毒将与轮状病毒检测阴性的儿童进行比较，以确定 按年龄和疫苗类型划分的轮状病毒疫苗。儿童> 6个月至18岁住院ARI将 入组后，将通过流感RT-PCR检测鼻和咽拭子，并完成疫苗验证。 VE估计值将使用测试阴性研究设计，按年龄、疫苗类型和流感亚型进行。 次要目的是积极评估儿科医院AGE和ARI病原体的负担， 艾德种群使用敏感的实验室技术在该项目的5年期间收集的标本。 一个单独的健康对照监测计划将提供年龄和季节频率匹配的儿童， 与AGE和ARI病原体的患病儿童进行比较。基于年龄和病原体的特定人群 将根据临床试验机构和环境（医院和艾德）估计发生率。 第三个目标是研究与公众有关的流行病学、宿主和环境因素 对疫苗可预防的疾病和需要预防或治疗战略的疾病采取卫生干预措施。 这将通过监察员提出的建议和可选组成部分来实现。 这一监测网络及其相关活动将导致在该领域产生高影响力的公共卫生结果 疫苗可预防的疾病，最终将有助于战略，以减少整体医疗保健 减轻这些疾病的负担，改善美国人口的健康状况。