Deficient Belief Updating as a Convergent Computational Mechanism of Psychosis
Deficient Belief Updating as a Convergent Computational Mechanism of Psychosis
批准号:
9766401
负责人:
Guillermo Horga
金额:
$74.51万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2018
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2018-09-01 至 2023-05-31
关键词:
AddressAuditory areaBehaviorBehavioralBeliefBiologicalBrainClinicalCognitiveComputer SimulationConflict (Psychology)Corpus striatum structureDataDelusionsDissociationDopamineFeedbackFoundationsFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingFunctional disorderFutureHallucinationsHealth BenefitHearingHumanImageImaging TechniquesImpairmentIndividualKnowledgeLeadLinkMagnetic Resonance ImagingMeasuresMediatingMedicalMedical Care CostsMedicineMental disordersMethodologyMethodsMidbrain structureModelingNatureNeurobiologyNeurocognitiveNeurosciencesParietalParietal LobePathologicPathway interactionsPatientsPatternPerceptionPrefrontal CortexProcessPsychiatryPsychotic DisordersPublic HealthRestSchizophreniaSensorySeveritiesSignal TransductionStigmatizationStimulusSubstantia nigra structureSymptomsSyndromeSystemTestingUpdateVoiceWorkbasecommon symptomcomputational neuroscienceconvictdesignexperiencehigh resolution imagingideationindexingindividualized medicineneuroimagingneuromelaninneuroregulationnigrostriatal dopaminergic pathwaynigrostriatal pathwaynovelpars compactapre-clinicalpredictive modelingpsychotic symptomsrelating to nervous systemsensory cortextheoriestool
中文摘要
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英文摘要
The psychotic syndrome of schizophrenia, comprising hallucinations and delusions, remains one of the most
devastating and costly medical conditions in the US and worldwide. Despite progress in the understanding of its
neurobiology, a unifying mechanism remains elusive. Elucidating such mechanism would be a major advance in
medicine, as it would provide a scientific explanation to symptoms that have long been considered synonymous with
irrationality. This would contribute to de-stigmatization of mental illness. It would also potentially lead to important
public health benefits by identifying novel targets that could enable new treatments for a substantial proportion of
patients (~1/3) who do not respond to or tolerate current treatments. Previous work has separately studied the
substrates of hallucinations (false percepts without corresponding stimuli) and of delusions (false ideas that are
maintained with high conviction despite contradictory evidence). However, recent theories of the brain suggest that
perception and ideation are part of a unitary process, whereby the brain generates and updates internal predictive
models of the external world, that can explain both our idiosyncratic perceptual experiences and how we reach certain
conclusions or ideas based on these experiences. Extensions of these ‘Bayesian’ theories have been proposed to
explain pathological abnormalities in perception (e.g., hallucinations) and ideation (e.g., delusions) in psychosis as
deriving from a common deficit. We suggest that this common deficit is a dopamine-related deficit in updating of
beliefs (defined via computational modeling) given excessive reliance of prior beliefs relative to new sensory evidence.
We posit that this deficit can occur at two different levels of a hierarchy: a lower level (in sensory cortex) abnormalities
in which would cause hallucinations, and a higher level (higher-order prefrontal and parietal cortices supporting
inference) abnormalities in which would cause delusions. We propose a converging approach to directly test this novel
model it by leveraging cutting-edge tools in computational neuroscience applied to functional neuroimaging (fMRI) and
behavioral tools designed to dissect hierarchical belief updating. Specifically, we hypothesize a behavioral and neural
double dissociation whereby deficits in the former will be specifically associated with severity of hallucinations while
deficits in the latter will be specifically associated with severity of delusions in unmedicated patients with
schizophrenia. By anchoring our model on the well-established dopamine dysfunction in psychosis, we will explain
how increased dopamine in the midbrain (specifically, in the nigrostriatal pathway, here measured via a novel, high-
resolution imaging technique known as neuromelanin-sensitive MRI) alters common neural computations leading to
psychotic symptoms (i.e., how it results in deficient belief updating at low and high levels, leading to hallucinations and
delusions, respectively). Finally, we will define neural targets to set up future work developing novel neuromodulation
approaches aimed at normalizing belief updating deficits downstream from dopamine abnormalities. Thus, we will
establish novel downstream mechanisms of psychosis that can be further dissected in preclinical work and can be
directly targeted in humans depending on individuals’ symptom profiles.
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批准号:10704693
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资助金额:$72.2万
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财政年份:2022
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An integrative computational interrogation of circuit dysfunction inschizophrenia via neural timescales
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资助金额:$75.71万
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Individualized risk prediction in persons at clinical high-risk for psychosis using neuromelanin-sensitive MRI.
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批准号:10166944
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$64.11万
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负责人:Guillermo Horga
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依托单位:
Individualized risk prediction in persons at clinical high-risk for psychosis using neuromelanin-sensitive MRI.
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批准号:10412110
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$60.53万
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财政年份:2018
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负责人:Guillermo Horga
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Deficient Belief Updating as a Convergent Computational Mechanism of Psychosis
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批准号:10421074
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$60.23万
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财政年份:2018
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负责人:Guillermo Horga
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依托单位:
Neural mechanisms of sensory predictions in schizophrenia with hallucinations
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批准号:9262998
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$19.63万
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财政年份:2014
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负责人:Guillermo Horga
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依托单位:
Neural mechanisms of sensory predictions in schizophrenia with hallucinations
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批准号:8700122
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项目类别:
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资助金额:$18.62万
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财政年份:2014
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负责人:Guillermo Horga
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依托单位: