Deficient Belief Updating as a Convergent Computational Mechanism of Psychosis
Deficient Belief Updating as a Convergent Computational Mechanism of Psychosis
批准号:
10421074
负责人:
Guillermo Horga
金额:
$60.23万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2018
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2018-09-01 至 2024-05-31
关键词:
AddressAuditory areaBehaviorBehavioralBeliefBiologicalBrainClinicalCognitiveComputer ModelsConflict (Psychology)Corpus striatum structureDataDelusionsDissociationDopamineFeedbackFoundationsFunctional Magnetic Resonance ImagingFunctional disorderFutureHallucinationsHealth BenefitHearingHumanImageImaging TechniquesImpairmentIndividualKnowledgeLeadLinkMagnetic Resonance ImagingMeasuresMediatingMedicalMedical Care CostsMedicineMental disordersMethodologyMethodsMidbrain structureModelingNatureNeurobiologyNeurocognitiveNeurosciencesParietalParietal LobePathologicPathway interactionsPatientsPatternPerceptionPrefrontal CortexProcessPsychiatryPsychosesPublic HealthRestSchizophreniaSensorySeveritiesSignal TransductionStigmatizationStimulusSubstantia nigra structureSymptomsSyndromeSystemTestingUpdateVoiceWorkbasecommon symptomcomputational neuroscienceconvictdesignexperiencehigh resolution imagingideationindexingindividualized medicineneuroimagingneuromelaninneuroregulationnigrostriatal dopaminergic pathwaynigrostriatal pathwaynovelpars compactapre-clinicalpredictive modelingpsychotic symptomsrelating to nervous systemsensory cortextheoriestool
中文摘要
精神分裂症的精神错觉综合征,包括幻觉和妄想,仍然是最常见的疾病之一。
毁灭性的疾病和昂贵的医疗条件在美国和世界各地都是如此。尽管在增进对美国的理解方面取得了一些进展,但仍未取得进展。
神经生物学作为一种统一的机制仍然难以捉摸。阐明这种机制将不会是未来的一项重大进展。
医学表示,它不会为长期以来被认为是癌症同义词的症状提供更科学的科学解释。
这是不合理的。这只会有助于消除对精神疾病的污名化。它也可能导致这一重要的问题。
公共卫生服务的好处是通过确定新的治疗目标来实现,这些目标可以使新的治疗方法在相当大的比例下减少。
(~1/3)不能对药物有反应或对目前的药物治疗不耐受的患者。以前的研究工作已经被单独研究过。
幻觉的底物是(虚假的)感觉,而没有相应的刺激)和虚假的妄想(虚假的想法)是。
尽管有相互矛盾的证据,但仍保持着高度的定罪。然而,最近关于大脑的最新理论表明,这一点是错误的。
感知能力和思维能力是一个单一的思维过程的一部分,大脑通过这个过程产生思维并更新内部预测能力。
我们外部世界的模型,它既可以解释我们独特的感性体验,也可以解释我们如何才能达到某个特定的目标。
结论或想法是建立在这些经验的基础上的。还没有人提出对这些非贝叶斯理论的扩展。
解释精神病患者中知觉能力(如幻觉)和思维能力(如妄想症)的病理性异常。
源于一种常见的药物缺乏症。我们建议,这种常见的药物缺乏症是一种与多巴胺相关的药物缺乏症。
信念(通过计算模型定义)是由于过度依赖先前的信念和相对于新的感官证据而产生的。
我们假设,这种精神缺陷可能至少发生在一个等级的两个不同的水平上:一个更低的水平(在感觉和大脑皮层)和异常。
在这种情况下,不会导致幻觉,因此需要一个更高级别的大脑(更高级别的前额叶和顶叶皮质来支持)。
推断)不会引起妄想的异常情况。我们建议采取一种趋同的方法,直接测试这部小说。
该模型通过利用计算和神经科学领域的尖端医学工具来实现,并将其应用于功能和神经成像技术(FMRI)的研究和开发。
行为科学工具被设计用来对等级和信念进行更新的剖析。具体地说,我们可以假设一个人的行为习惯和神经。
双重分离,即前一种情况下的精神缺陷将不会具体地与幻觉的严重程度联系在一起,而不是。
后者的缺陷将不会特别与未经药物治疗的糖尿病患者的精神错觉的严重程度有关。
精神分裂症。通过将我们的研究模型建立在精神分裂症中公认的多巴胺和多巴胺功能障碍的基础上,我们将不再解释这一点。
本文通过一部新的小说《高密度脂蛋白》测量了黑质纹状体通路中的多巴胺含量是如何增加的。
分辨率(成像)技术(称为神经黑色素敏感(MRI))改变了常见的神经功能计算,从而导致数据丢失。
精神病患者的症状(即,它如何导致有缺陷的信念)导致人们在低水平和高水平更新信息,从而导致幻觉和幻觉。
最后,我们将不再定义神经调节的目标,以建立未来的工作,开发一种新型的神经调节。
这些方法旨在使人们的信念正常化,并更新多巴胺异常导致的下游赤字。因此,我们将继续努力。
建立一种新颖的精神病患者下游治疗机制,使其在临床前治疗工作中能够得到进一步的解剖和治疗。
根据患者的症状和特征,直接在人类中进行靶向治疗。
英文摘要
The psychotic syndrome of schizophrenia, comprising hallucinations and delusions, remains one of the most
devastating and costly medical conditions in the US and worldwide. Despite progress in the understanding of its
neurobiology, a unifying mechanism remains elusive. Elucidating such mechanism would be a major advance in
medicine, as it would provide a scientific explanation to symptoms that have long been considered synonymous with
irrationality. This would contribute to de-stigmatization of mental illness. It would also potentially lead to important
public health benefits by identifying novel targets that could enable new treatments for a substantial proportion of
patients (~1/3) who do not respond to or tolerate current treatments. Previous work has separately studied the
substrates of hallucinations (false percepts without corresponding stimuli) and of delusions (false ideas that are
maintained with high conviction despite contradictory evidence). However, recent theories of the brain suggest that
perception and ideation are part of a unitary process, whereby the brain generates and updates internal predictive
models of the external world, that can explain both our idiosyncratic perceptual experiences and how we reach certain
conclusions or ideas based on these experiences. Extensions of these ‘Bayesian’ theories have been proposed to
explain pathological abnormalities in perception (e.g., hallucinations) and ideation (e.g., delusions) in psychosis as
deriving from a common deficit. We suggest that this common deficit is a dopamine-related deficit in updating of
beliefs (defined via computational modeling) given excessive reliance of prior beliefs relative to new sensory evidence.
We posit that this deficit can occur at two different levels of a hierarchy: a lower level (in sensory cortex) abnormalities
in which would cause hallucinations, and a higher level (higher-order prefrontal and parietal cortices supporting
inference) abnormalities in which would cause delusions. We propose a converging approach to directly test this novel
model it by leveraging cutting-edge tools in computational neuroscience applied to functional neuroimaging (fMRI) and
behavioral tools designed to dissect hierarchical belief updating. Specifically, we hypothesize a behavioral and neural
double dissociation whereby deficits in the former will be specifically associated with severity of hallucinations while
deficits in the latter will be specifically associated with severity of delusions in unmedicated patients with
schizophrenia. By anchoring our model on the well-established dopamine dysfunction in psychosis, we will explain
how increased dopamine in the midbrain (specifically, in the nigrostriatal pathway, here measured via a novel, high-
resolution imaging technique known as neuromelanin-sensitive MRI) alters common neural computations leading to
psychotic symptoms (i.e., how it results in deficient belief updating at low and high levels, leading to hallucinations and
delusions, respectively). Finally, we will define neural targets to set up future work developing novel neuromodulation
approaches aimed at normalizing belief updating deficits downstream from dopamine abnormalities. Thus, we will
establish novel downstream mechanisms of psychosis that can be further dissected in preclinical work and can be
directly targeted in humans depending on individuals’ symptom profiles.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-023-42813-2
发表时间:
2023-11-29
期刊:
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
影响因子:
16.6
作者:
[Mihali, Andra, Broeker, Marianne, Ragalmuto, Florian D. M., Horga, Guillermo]
通讯作者:
Horga, Guillermo
Detecting Pharmacologically Induced Serotonin Release in Depression With Positron Emission Tomography Imaging: A New Approach.
用正电子发射断层扫描成像检测抑郁症中药物诱导的血清素释放:一种新方法。
DOI:
10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.04.008
发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Biological psychiatry
影响因子:
10.6
作者:
[Slifstein,Mark, Abi-Dargham,Anissa]
通讯作者:
Abi-Dargham,Anissa
Effects of Hallucination Proneness and Sensory Resolution on Prior Biases in Human Perceptual Inference of Time Intervals.
幻觉倾向和感官分辨率对人类感知时间间隔推断中先验偏差的影响。
DOI:
10.1523/jneurosci.0692-22.2023
发表时间:
2023-07-19
期刊:
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
影响因子:
5.3
作者:
[Duhamel, Emeline, Mihali, Andra, Horga, Guillermo]
通讯作者:
Horga, Guillermo
DOI:
10.1002/jmri.27384
发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI
影响因子:
--
作者:
[van der Pluijm M, Cassidy C, Zandstra M, Wallert E, de Bruin K, Booij J, de Haan L, Horga G, van de Giessen E]
通讯作者:
van de Giessen E
The Quest for a Selective Mapping Between Striatal Dopamine Subcircuits and Psychosis Symptoms.
寻求纹状体多巴胺亚电路和精神病症状之间的选择性映射。
DOI:
10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.009
发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging
影响因子:
--
作者:
[Wengler,Kenneth, Horga,Guillermo]
通讯作者:
Horga,Guillermo
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