Olfactory contributions to sleep-dependent food craving and calorie intake

项目摘要 肥胖在美国是一个严重的公共健康问题。临床和流行病学研究表明， 体重增加与睡眠减少有关。与此相一致，之前的研究表明，睡眠 剥夺与食欲调节激素的变化有关。然而，中央大脑处理 睡眠相关的食物摄入变化的基础目前还不清楚。嗅觉系统扮演着 在调节食物摄入方面的重要作用，动物模型表明，食欲调节激素可能 改变嗅觉处理，这表明睡眠剥夺可能会增加食物刺激的神经处理。 我们提出了一项可行性研究，旨在提供概念验证数据的假设，睡眠 剥夺增强食物气味的神经处理（目的1）。我们预测嗅觉皮层是 在神经处理层次的第一阶段，睡眠剥夺放大了与食物有关的信号 气味在第二步中，我们建议测试食品气味的增强处理是否与以下因素有关： 改变食物摄入量（目标2）。为了验证这些假设，人类受试者将闻到食物和非食物的气味。 食物控制气味，同时进行功能性磁共振成像（fMRI），无论是经过一个晚上的 正常睡眠，或在一个晚上，在此期间，他们只允许睡眠最多4小时。我们 建议使用基于模式的神经成像分析技术来确定睡眠剥夺是否 增强食物气味的神经编码为了测试睡眠剥夺是否会影响嗅觉处理 通过食欲调节激素的变化，我们将测量采集的血液样本中的激素水平， 功能性磁共振成像扫描。最后，为了检验增强的嗅觉处理是否会影响进食行为，我们 将在自助餐式的环境中监测功能磁共振成像扫描后的食物摄入量。这项研究的结果应该揭示了一个 神经激素机制，介导睡眠剥夺对饮食行为的影响。描述这种 这一机制可能最终有助于开发对抗肥胖的新治疗方法。

PROJECT SUMMARY Obesity is a massive public-health issue in the US. Clinical and epidemiological studies have indicated that increased body weight is related to reduced sleep. In line with this, previous research has shown that sleep deprivation is associated with changes in appetite-regulating hormones. However, the central brain processes that underlie sleep-related changes in food intake are currently unclear. The olfactory system plays an important role in regulating food intake, and animal models indicate that appetite-regulating hormones may alter olfactory processing, suggesting that sleep deprivation may increase neural processing of food stimuli. We propose a feasibility study that aims to provide proof-of-concept data for the hypothesis that sleep deprivation enhances neural processing of food odors (Aim 1). We predict that olfactory cortices are among the first stages in the neural processing hierarchy at which sleep deprivation amplifies signals related to food odors. In a second step, we propose to test whether enhanced processing of food odors is related to alterations in food intake (Aim 2). To test these hypotheses, human subjects will smell odors of food and non- food control odors while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), either after a night of normal sleep, or after a night during which they were only allowed to sleep for a maximum of 4 hours. We propose to use pattern-based neuroimaging analysis techniques to determine whether sleep deprivation enhances neural encoding of food odors. To test whether sleep deprivation affects olfactory processing through changes in appetite-regulating hormones, we will measure hormone levels in blood samples collected during fMRI scanning. Finally, to examine whether enhanced olfactory processing affects eating behavior, we will monitor food intake after fMRI scanning in a buffet-style setting. Results from this study should reveal a neuro-hormonal mechanism that mediates the effects of sleep deprivation on eating behavior. Describing this mechanism may ultimately help to develop novel treatment approaches combating obesity.