Olfactory contributions to sleep-dependent food craving and calorie intake

项目总结 在美国，肥胖是一个巨大的公共健康问题。临床和流行病学研究表明， 体重增加与睡眠减少有关。与此一致的是，之前的研究表明，睡眠 剥夺与食欲调节荷尔蒙的变化有关。然而，中央大脑处理 目前，与睡眠相关的食物摄入量变化背后的原因尚不清楚。嗅觉系统扮演着一种 在调节食物摄入量方面发挥重要作用，动物模型表明，调节食欲的激素可能 改变嗅觉处理，这表明睡眠不足可能会增加对食物刺激的神经处理。 我们提出了一项可行性研究，旨在为睡眠假说提供概念验证数据 剥夺增强了对食物气味的神经处理(目标1)。我们预测嗅觉皮质属于 神经处理系统的第一个阶段，睡眠不足会放大与食物有关的信号 气味。在第二步中，我们建议测试对食物气味的强化处理是否与 食物摄入量的变化(目标2)。为了检验这些假设，人类受试者将闻到食物和非食物的气味 在接受功能磁共振成像(FMRI)的同时，食物控制气味，无论是在一晚的 正常睡眠，或在一晚之后，他们被允许最多睡4个小时。我们 建议使用基于模式的神经成像分析技术来确定睡眠剥夺 增强食物气味的神经编码。测试睡眠不足是否影响嗅觉处理 通过食欲调节激素的变化，我们将测量采集的血液样本中的激素水平 在fMRI扫描期间。最后，为了检验增强的嗅觉处理是否会影响进食行为，我们 将在自助式环境中进行功能磁共振扫描后监测食物摄入量。这项研究的结果应该会揭示出 调节睡眠剥夺对进食行为影响的神经激素机制。描述这一点 这一机制最终可能有助于开发抗击肥胖的新治疗方法。

PROJECT SUMMARY Obesity is a massive public-health issue in the US. Clinical and epidemiological studies have indicated that increased body weight is related to reduced sleep. In line with this, previous research has shown that sleep deprivation is associated with changes in appetite-regulating hormones. However, the central brain processes that underlie sleep-related changes in food intake are currently unclear. The olfactory system plays an important role in regulating food intake, and animal models indicate that appetite-regulating hormones may alter olfactory processing, suggesting that sleep deprivation may increase neural processing of food stimuli. We propose a feasibility study that aims to provide proof-of-concept data for the hypothesis that sleep deprivation enhances neural processing of food odors (Aim 1). We predict that olfactory cortices are among the first stages in the neural processing hierarchy at which sleep deprivation amplifies signals related to food odors. In a second step, we propose to test whether enhanced processing of food odors is related to alterations in food intake (Aim 2). To test these hypotheses, human subjects will smell odors of food and non- food control odors while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), either after a night of normal sleep, or after a night during which they were only allowed to sleep for a maximum of 4 hours. We propose to use pattern-based neuroimaging analysis techniques to determine whether sleep deprivation enhances neural encoding of food odors. To test whether sleep deprivation affects olfactory processing through changes in appetite-regulating hormones, we will measure hormone levels in blood samples collected during fMRI scanning. Finally, to examine whether enhanced olfactory processing affects eating behavior, we will monitor food intake after fMRI scanning in a buffet-style setting. Results from this study should reveal a neuro-hormonal mechanism that mediates the effects of sleep deprivation on eating behavior. Describing this mechanism may ultimately help to develop novel treatment approaches combating obesity.