Optimizing Configurations of Roadside Sobriety Testing Checkpoints to Reduce Alcohol-Involved Crashes

优化路边清醒测试检查站的配置以减少酒精相关车祸

• 批准号: 9769596
• 负责人: Christopher Neil Morrison
• 金额: $ 22.95万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9769596
• 关键词: Achievement; Address; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Area; Blood alcohol level measurement; Calendar; Censuses; Cessation of life; Cities; Data; Data Sources; Drunk driving; Effectiveness; Geographic state; Geography; Goals; Health Benefit; Incidence; Individual; Intervention; Law Enforcement; Location; Modeling; Motor Vehicles; Output; Police; Policies; Population; Public Health; Queensland; Recommendation; Regression Analysis; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Services; Site; Source; Testing; Time; Traumatic injury; Travel; United States; attributable mortality; base; cost; drinking; heuristics; improved; innovation; minimum drinking age; novel; programs; prospective; sobriety; spatial relationship; systematic review; temporal measurement; theories

PROJECT SUMMARY Roadside sobriety testing is an intervention in which police stationed at temporary checkpoints stop motorists in order to conduct a brief sobriety test. Scientific studies provide substantial evidence that the approach reduces rates of alcohol-involved crashes, and general deterrence theory provides a clear mechanism by which the presence of checkpoints will reduce crash rates over the extent of a city. However, despite this strong empirical and theoretical support, and the potential for roadside sobriety testing to greatly reduce rates of alcohol-involved crashes, the approach is underutilized in the United States and important aspects are poorly understood. Critically, police departments have no empirical guidance regarding the optimal spatial configurations (the physical location of checkpoints within cities), temporal configurations (the days and times at which checkpoints are conducted), and site configurations (the number of sobriety tests and duration of the checkpoints) that will maximize reductions in alcohol-involved crashes and minimize law enforcement costs. The specific aims of this study are to (i) assess the immediate effect and rate of sustained impact over time of individual roadside sobriety testing checkpoints on alcohol-involved crashes within cities, (ii) assess the effect of individual roadside sobriety testing checkpoints on alcohol-involved crashes at multiple spatial scales, and (iii) identify optimal configurations of roadside sobriety testing checkpoints, p, to minimize travel time, t, to alcohol-involved crashes within cities. To achieve these aims we will access detailed checkpoint and crash data from the Australian state of Queensland, a jurisdiction where roadside sobriety testing is widely used and where checkpoint data are available at a spatial and temporal resolution and over a geographic extent that is not possible in the US. Because all roadside sobriety testing programs affect alcohol-involved crashes through the same theoretical mechanism, results will be generalizable to the United States. Selecting all 15 Queensland cities with populations between 10,000 and 500,000, we will calculate counts of checkpoints and crashes at two spatial scales (within cities, and within small Census units nested within the cities). We will use censored regression analyses to assess temporal relationships within cities, and Bayesian conditional autoregressive analyses to assess spatial relationships within Census units and across the extent of cities. We will then use a location-allocation heuristic to identify optimal configurations of checkpoints within cities, and will enumerate the predicted trade-off between benefits (crashes averted) and costs (checkpoints). Based on the results of these analyses, we will produce recommendations to US police departments regarding the optimal spatial, temporal, and site configurations of roadside sobriety checkpoints that minimize burdens on scarce police resources, maximize the effectiveness of existing programs, encourage wider use of roadside sobriety testing, and ultimately reduce rates of alcohol-involved crashes.

项目总结 路边清醒测试是驻扎在临时检查站的警察拦截驾车者的干预措施 以便进行一次简短的清醒测试。科学研究提供了大量证据表明，这种方法 降低与酒精有关的撞车率，一般威慑理论提供了一个明确的机制，通过 检查站的存在将降低城市范围内的撞车率。然而尽管如此， 强大的经验和理论支持，以及路边清醒测试大幅降低比率的潜力 在与酒精有关的撞车事故中，这种方法在美国没有得到充分利用，重要的方面是 人们对此知之甚少。最重要的是，警察部门没有关于最佳空间的经验指导 配置(城市内检查站的物理位置)、时间配置(日期和时间 进行检查站的位置)和现场配置(清醒测试的次数和持续时间 检查站)，这将最大限度地减少与酒精有关的撞车事故，并将执法成本降至最低。 这项研究的具体目标是：(I)评估以下项目的即时影响和长期影响的比率 对城市内涉及酒精的撞车事故进行单独的路边酒精测试检查站，(Ii)评估影响 在多个空间尺度上对涉及酒精的撞车事故设立单独的路边酒精测试检查站，以及 (3)确定路边清醒测试检查站的最佳配置p，以最大限度地减少旅行时间t至 与酒精有关的城市内撞车事故。为了实现这些目标，我们将访问详细的检查点和崩溃 数据来自澳大利亚昆士兰州，该州是一个广泛使用路边酒精测试的司法管辖区 检查点数据在空间和时间分辨率上以及在以下地理范围内可用 这在美国是不可能的。因为所有的路边酒精测试项目都会影响与酒精有关的撞车 同样的理论机制，结果也会推广到美国。选择全部15个 昆士兰州人口在10,000到50万之间的城市，我们将计算检查站和 在两个空间尺度上(在城市内和在城市内嵌套的小型人口普查单位内)崩溃。我们将使用 用于评估城市内部时间关系的删失回归分析，以及贝叶斯条件 自回归分析，以评估人口普查单位内和城市范围内的空间关系。我们 然后将使用位置分配试探法来确定城市内检查站的最佳配置，以及 将列举预期的收益(避免了撞车)和成本(检查点)之间的权衡。基于 根据这些分析的结果，我们将向美国警察部门提出关于 路边清醒检查点的最佳空间、时间和站点配置，可将负担降至最低 稀缺的警察资源，最大限度地发挥现有方案的有效性，鼓励更广泛地在路边使用 清醒测试，并最终降低与酒精有关的撞车率。