Impacts of Subsidized Ridesharing on Drunk Driving, Alcohol Consumption, and Mobility

项目摘要 在美国，每年有超过10，000人死于与酒精有关的机动车事故。现有的大多数证据 发现共享乘车与较少的酒精参与的机动车碰撞有关。提供 获得补贴的拼车旅行可能是一种高影响力的干预措施，可以减少撞车事故的发生率， 生活一些城市已开始实施这一战略。从理论上讲，获得补贴 共享乘车将通过改变交通工具的财务和便利成本， 与在受损时驾驶相比，采取其他交通方式。这种关联的强度会有所不同 根据个人的收入和当地公共交通的使用情况。然而，获得补贴 拼车可能会导致酒精消费的同时增加，因为更大的流动性使其 更便宜，更容易为消费者获得和消费酒精。很少有研究验证这些假设， 并且没有实验研究的证据。这项双臂单盲研究的广泛目标是 随机对照试验是为了测试获得补贴的拼车对酒后驾车的影响， 酒精消费。我们将通过数字社交媒体广告招募160人， 美国50个城市的分层样本（n = 8，000），包括25个公共交通便利的城市（根据测量 使用交通得分）和25个城市的公共交通低。（一）参加者将在选定的 城市，（二）年龄≥ 21岁，（三）有驾驶执照和获得机动车，（四）报告消费 在过去7天内在酒吧喝酒，（v）拥有智能手机，（vi）会说英语。我们会随机 参与者获得35美元的乘车券（干预组）或35美元的在线购物券 (the对照组）。我们将在干预前一周和干预后一周对参与者进行随访 使用每周调查。2，000名参与者的子样本将下载定制的移动的应用程序，并将 在为期两周的研究期间使用GPS进行跟踪。具体目标是：（1）测试是否能够获得 补贴的拼车降低了个人酒后驾车的风险，2）测试是否可以获得补贴 拼车会影响个人的酒精消费，3）测试拼车是否会影响 个人的流动性，包括进入零售酒类销售点。我们将根据个人收入评估适度程度 和他们居住的城市的交通分数。这项研究的结果将填补科学领域的重要空白。 有证据表明，一项具有强大潜力的颠覆性技术可作为预防性干预措施加以利用 以减少与酒精有关的机动车撞车事故并改善公众健康。这项工作将通知设计 使用补贴的拼车来减少酒精引起的机动车碰撞的干预措施，包括 确定受益最大的个人，影响最大的地点，以及 对酒精消费的意外影响-以及干预措施实现这些影响的机制 结果（即通过改变个人的流动性和接触酒精出口）。

PROJECT SUMMARY Over 10,000 people die in alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes per year in the US. Most available evidence identifies that access to ridesharing is associated with fewer alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes. Providing access to subsidized rideshare trips could be a high impact intervention to reduce crash incidence and save lives. Some municipalities have begun implementing this strategy. Theoretically, access to subsidized ridesharing will replace trips by prospective impaired drivers by altering the financial and convenience costs of taking alternative forms of transit compared to driving while impaired. The strength of this association will differ according to an individuals’ income and local access to public transit. However, access to subsidized ridesharing may produce concomitant increases in alcohol consumption because greater mobility makes it cheaper and easier for consumers to obtain and consume alcohol. Few studies have tested these hypotheses, and there is no evidence from experimental studies. The broad objective of this two-arm single-blinded randomized controlled trial is to test the effects of access to subsidized ridesharing on drunk driving and alcohol consumption. We will recruit 160 individuals through digital social media advertisements from a stratified sample of 50 US cities (n = 8,000), including 25 cities with high access to public transit (as measured using the Transit Score) and 25 cities with low access to public transit. Participants will (i) reside in a selected city, (ii) be aged ≥ 21 years, (iii) have a drivers’ license and access to a motor vehicle, (iv) report consuming alcohol at a bar in the last 7 days, (v) own a smartphone, and (vi) speak English. We will randomize participants to receiving a $35 ridesharing voucher (the intervention group) or a $35 online shopping voucher (the control group). We will follow participants for one week pre-intervention and one week post-intervention using weekly surveys. A sub-sample of 2,000 participants will download a custom mobile application and will be tracked using GPS for the two-week study period. The specific aims are 1) to test whether access to subsidized ridesharing reduces individuals’ risks for drunk driving, 2) to test whether access to subsidized ridesharing affects individuals’ alcohol consumption, and 3) to test whether access to ridesharing affects individuals’ mobility, including access to retail alcohol outlets. We will assess moderation by individuals’ income and by the Transit Score for their city of residence. The results of this study will fill important gaps in scientific evidence regarding a disruptive technology with strong potential to be harnessed as a preventive intervention to reduce alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes and improve public health. The work will inform the design of interventions that use subsidized ridesharing to reduce alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes—including by identifying the individuals who will benefit most substantially, the locations where impacts will be greatest, and the unintended effects on alcohol consumption—and the mechanism by which the intervention achieves these outcomes (i.e. by altering individuals’ mobility and exposure to alcohol outlets).