Impacts of Subsidized Ridesharing on Drunk Driving, Alcohol Consumption, and Mobility

项目总结 在美国，每年有超过1万人死于与酒精有关的机动车撞车事故。最可获得的证据 发现使用拼车与较少涉及酒精的机动车撞车事故有关。提供 获得补贴的顺风车出行可能是一种高影响力的干预措施，以减少撞车事故并节省开支 活着。一些市政当局已经开始实施这一战略。从理论上讲，获得补贴 拼车将通过改变财务和便利成本来取代潜在受损司机的出行 与在受损时开车相比，选择其他交通工具。这种联系的强度将有所不同 根据个人收入和当地公共交通的使用情况。然而，获得补贴的机会 共乘可能会带来酒精消费的增加，因为更大的机动性使 更便宜，消费者更容易获得和消费酒精。很少有研究检验这些假说， 而且没有来自实验研究的证据。这个双臂单盲手术的总体目标是 随机对照试验是为了测试获得补贴拼车对酒后驾驶和 饮酒。我们将通过数字社交媒体广告从一个 分层抽样的美国50个城市(n=8,000)，包括25个公共交通便利的城市(按测量 使用交通工具得分)和25个使用公共交通工具较少的城市。参与者将(I)居住在选定的 城市，(Ii)年龄≥21岁，(Iii)有驾照并可以使用机动车，(Iv)报告消费 过去7天在酒吧喝酒，(V)拥有一部智能手机，(Vi)会说英语。我们会随机化 参与者获得35美元的拼车代金券(干预组)或35美元的网购代金券 (对照组)。我们将对参与者进行为期一周的干预前和干预后一周的跟踪调查 使用每周调查。2,000名参与者的子样本将下载一个自定义移动应用程序，并将 在为期两周的研究期间使用GPS进行跟踪。具体目标是1)测试是否可以访问 补贴共乘降低个人酒后驾车的风险，2)测试是否获得补贴 拼车会影响个人的饮酒量，以及3)测试拼车是否会影响 个人的流动性，包括进入酒类零售点。我们将根据个人收入来评估适度 并根据他们居住的城市的过境得分。这项研究的结果将填补科学领域的重要空白 关于具有强大潜力的颠覆性技术被用作预防性干预的证据 以减少与酒精有关的机动车撞车事故，改善公众健康。这项工作将为设计提供参考 使用补贴拼车减少与酒精有关的机动车撞车事故的干预措施-包括通过 确定受益最大的个人、影响最大的地点，以及 对酒精消费的意外影响--以及干预实现这些影响的机制 结果(即，通过改变个人的流动性和接触酒精的渠道)。

PROJECT SUMMARY Over 10,000 people die in alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes per year in the US. Most available evidence identifies that access to ridesharing is associated with fewer alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes. Providing access to subsidized rideshare trips could be a high impact intervention to reduce crash incidence and save lives. Some municipalities have begun implementing this strategy. Theoretically, access to subsidized ridesharing will replace trips by prospective impaired drivers by altering the financial and convenience costs of taking alternative forms of transit compared to driving while impaired. The strength of this association will differ according to an individuals’ income and local access to public transit. However, access to subsidized ridesharing may produce concomitant increases in alcohol consumption because greater mobility makes it cheaper and easier for consumers to obtain and consume alcohol. Few studies have tested these hypotheses, and there is no evidence from experimental studies. The broad objective of this two-arm single-blinded randomized controlled trial is to test the effects of access to subsidized ridesharing on drunk driving and alcohol consumption. We will recruit 160 individuals through digital social media advertisements from a stratified sample of 50 US cities (n = 8,000), including 25 cities with high access to public transit (as measured using the Transit Score) and 25 cities with low access to public transit. Participants will (i) reside in a selected city, (ii) be aged ≥ 21 years, (iii) have a drivers’ license and access to a motor vehicle, (iv) report consuming alcohol at a bar in the last 7 days, (v) own a smartphone, and (vi) speak English. We will randomize participants to receiving a $35 ridesharing voucher (the intervention group) or a $35 online shopping voucher (the control group). We will follow participants for one week pre-intervention and one week post-intervention using weekly surveys. A sub-sample of 2,000 participants will download a custom mobile application and will be tracked using GPS for the two-week study period. The specific aims are 1) to test whether access to subsidized ridesharing reduces individuals’ risks for drunk driving, 2) to test whether access to subsidized ridesharing affects individuals’ alcohol consumption, and 3) to test whether access to ridesharing affects individuals’ mobility, including access to retail alcohol outlets. We will assess moderation by individuals’ income and by the Transit Score for their city of residence. The results of this study will fill important gaps in scientific evidence regarding a disruptive technology with strong potential to be harnessed as a preventive intervention to reduce alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes and improve public health. The work will inform the design of interventions that use subsidized ridesharing to reduce alcohol-involved motor vehicle crashes—including by identifying the individuals who will benefit most substantially, the locations where impacts will be greatest, and the unintended effects on alcohol consumption—and the mechanism by which the intervention achieves these outcomes (i.e. by altering individuals’ mobility and exposure to alcohol outlets).