Personality and Health: A Longitudinal Study

人格与健康：纵向研究

• 批准号: 9904316
• 负责人: Grant Edmonds
• 金额: $ 129.16万
• 依托单位: OREGON RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-20 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9904316
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease pathology; Asian Americans; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Mechanisms; Biological; Biological Assay; Biological Markers; Blood specimen; C-reactive protein; Cell Aging; Child; Childhood; Chronology; Clinic Visits; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Coupled; Data; Elements; Exposure to; Funding; Goals; Hand Strength; Hawaii; Health; Health behavior; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Individual; Inflammation; Intervention; Length; Leukocytes; Life; Link; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal cohort; Measurement; Measures; Mediator of activation protein; Medical; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial DNA; Modeling; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Neuropsychological Tests; Outcome; Oxidative Stress; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Recruitments; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Tests; Personality Traits; Phase; Physical activity; Physiological; Play; Process; Psychosocial Factor; Public Health; Questionnaires; Research; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Signal Transduction; Site; Sleep; Smoking; Source; Sun Exposure; Telephone; Testing; Time; Tobacco use; Variant; Work; base; cognitive ability; cognitive change; cognitive function; cognitive testing; cohort; diet and exercise; elementary school; eligible participant; follow up assessment; follow-up; functional status; health assessment; indexing; individual variation; life history; middle age; mild cognitive impairment; modifiable risk; mortality; novel; nutrition; oxidative damage; physical conditioning; psychologic; resilience; senescence; telomere; trait; trauma exposure; walking speed

Project Summary An increasing number of people are exposed to age graded cognitive declines that develop into mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Individuals vary in the time of onset, and the rate of decline in cognitive functioning associated with these risks. A portion of this variation can be captured by the influence of personality on health over the lifespan. Our overarching aim for this competing renewal is to study associations between personality and cognitive resilience using lifespan personality, health, and health behavior data over the lifespan, in the Hawaii Personality and Health Cohort. This multiethnic cohort provides a rare opportunity to investigate personality processes in relation to cognitive resilience. The study began over 50 years ago with personality assessments of the participants when they were elementary school children. Since 1998, we have located and recruited participants for questionnaire assessments of personality and many other psychosocial variables, and conducted an extensive baseline medical and psychological examination at mean age 50. Using these data, we have demonstrated associations between childhood personality and subjective and objective health outcomes at midlife. A ten-year follow-up examination at age 60 is nearly complete for half of the sample. In this next planned phase of the project, the primary activity will be to complete the follow-up medical and psychological examination of our sample at mean age 60, approximately 10 years after the baseline examination, on all eligible participants (N = 400). Childhood personality and personality change (from childhood to adulthood, plus personality change in adulthood) will be used to predict risk of cognitive impairment at mean age 60, and changes in cognitive functioning assessed annually over a span of four years. We will additionally study change in physical health and cognitive functioning from mean age 50 to 60 using a variety of health indicators and measures. Furthermore, we will examine the main mechanisms thought to account for associations between personality and resilience to cognitive declines, and we shall do so uniquely in the context of a longitudinal study spanning over 5-decades. These mechanisms are based on behavioral (diet, exercise, tobacco and alcohol use, sun exposure) and biological (telomere length, mitochondrial functioning, oxidative stress, biological age) processes which have been hypothesized to underlie associations between personality and resilience to cognitive impairment. This project will generate evidence to guide personality based interventions, in particular by suggesting which traits and trait mechanisms are most relevant in childhood and at midlife (e.g., trait conscientiousness in elementary school, health-behavior mechanisms at midlife). In addition, this project addresses the gross under-representation of Asian-Americans and those of Native-Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander ancestry in health-related scientific research.

项目摘要 越来越多的人暴露于年龄分级的认知能力下降，发展为轻度认知能力下降。 损伤和阿尔茨海默病。个体发病时间不同，认知功能下降的速度也不同。 与这些风险相关的功能。这种变化的一部分可以通过以下因素的影响来捕获： 人格对健康的影响。我们对这种竞争性更新的首要目标是研究关联 人格和认知弹性之间的关系，使用寿命人格，健康和健康行为数据， 寿命，在夏威夷的个性和健康队列。这一多种族群体提供了一个难得的机会， 研究人格过程与认知弹性的关系。这项研究始于50多年前， 参与者在小学时的个性评估。自1998年以来， 定位并招募参与者进行个性和许多其他心理社会问题的问卷评估 变量，并在平均年龄50岁时进行了广泛的基线医学和心理检查。使用 通过这些数据，我们证明了儿童性格与主观和客观因素之间的联系。 中年的健康状况。在60岁时进行的10年随访检查， sample.在该项目的下一个计划阶段，主要活动将是完成后续医疗检查。 在基线后约10年，对平均年龄为60岁的样本进行心理检查 所有合格受试者（N = 400）。儿童期人格与人格改变（从 儿童期到成年期，加上成年期的性格变化）将被用来预测认知障碍的风险。 平均年龄60岁时的损伤，以及在四年内每年评估的认知功能变化。 此外，我们还将研究从平均年龄50岁到60岁的身体健康和认知功能的变化， 各种健康指标和措施。此外，我们还将研究主要的机制， 解释人格和认知能力下降的恢复力之间的联系，我们将独特地这样做， 在一项跨越50年的纵向研究的背景下。这些机制是基于行为 (diet运动、吸烟和饮酒、阳光照射）和生物学（端粒长度、线粒体 功能，氧化应激，生物年龄）的过程已被假设为基础的协会 人格与认知障碍恢复力之间的联系该项目将提供证据， 基于人格的干预，特别是通过建议哪些特质和特质机制最相关 在童年和中年（例如，小学生的特质焦虑，健康行为机制， 中年）。此外，该项目还解决了亚裔美国人和 夏威夷土著人或其他太平洋岛民的祖先在健康相关的科学研究。