Delayed sleep phase and risk for adolescent substance use

睡眠阶段延迟和青少年物质使用的风险

• 批准号: 9906871
• 负责人: Brant P. Hasler
• 金额: $ 57.32万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9906871
• 关键词: Acceleration; Acute; Adolescence; Adolescent; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Attention; Behavioral; Biological; Characteristics; Circadian Rhythms; Circadian desynchrony; Control Groups; Cues; Development; Exhibits; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Home environment; Hour; Impulsivity; Interview; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Lead; Light; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Melatonin; Methodology; Methods; Nature; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Phase; Phenotype; Polysomnography; Prevention; Randomized; Research; Rewards; Risk; Role; S Phase; Salivary; Sampling; Schedule; Schools; Sleep; Sleep disturbances; Structure; Substance Use Disorder; Symptoms; Teenagers; Time; actigraphy; adolescent substance use; age group; attentional control; base; circadian; design; diaries; disorder risk; evidence base; executive function; experimental study; follow up assessment; high risk; improved; innovation; marijuana use; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; novel; prospective; recruit; relating to nervous system; reward circuitry; risk sharing; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY Substance use disorders (SUDs) often begin during adolescence. Mounting evidence indicates that delayed sleep phase (DSP) may confer risk for adolescent substance use (SU) and SUDs. However, the exact nature of this link and the mechanisms underlying it remain unclear. Circadian misalignment, a mismatch between late sleep hours and early school start times, is a compelling potential contributor to elevated SU in adolescent DSP with plausible neurobehavioral mechanisms. We hypothesize that DSP-associated circadian misalignment decreases impulse control and increases reward sensitivity, thereby increasing SUD risk. The proposed study will, for the first time, (1) comprehensively characterize the SUD risk profile associated with adolescent DSP, and (2) probe whether SUD risk is diminished by altering sleep/circadian timing. The study will assess both established markers of SUD risk and putative neurobehavioral mechanisms (impulsivity and reward sensitivity). Specifically, we propose a comprehensive, multi-method approach to examining DSP’s role in SUD risk, combining laboratory, experimental, and longitudinal studies. We will recruit a sample of 150 twelfth graders (17-19 y/o), divided between 100 DSP and 50 normal phase teens. We will focus on cannabis and alcohol use given their prevalent use in adolescents and evident links to DSP. The lab study compares a group of DSP adolescents to a group of normal phase adolescents on behavioral and neuroimaging (fMRI) tasks tapping impulsivity and reward sensitivity, as well as a circadian phase assessment. In the experimental study, we will probe whether stabilizing circadian phase in the DSP group by using sleep scheduling and chronotherapeutic approaches (e.g., bright light) improves sleep and neurobehavioral function relevant to SUD risk. Finally, we include repeated monthly follow-up assessments of sleep and SU to explore longitudinal associations during the high-risk transition to young adulthood. Aim 1 (Laboratory Study) is to compare a DSP group to a normal phase group on sleep/circadian factors, neurobehavioral markers, and SU. Aim 2 (Experimental Study) is to probe the impact of a sleep phase-stabilizing manipulation on sleep and circadian rhythms, as well as neurobehavioral markers of SUD risk. An Exploratory Longitudinal Aim is to!examine the prospective relationships between DSP characteristics and changes in SU via repeated monthly assessments during the high-risk transition to young adulthood. The proposed study is significant: it focuses a biologically- plausible and modifiable sleep phenotype of particular promise, during a developmental period when the mismatch between DSP and school-imposed early start times is at its worst and overall SUD risk is spiking. The proposed study is innovative: (1) it examines several promising neurobehavioral pathways to adolescent SUD, (2) it combines comprehensive and objective measures of relevant constructs, and (3) it includes an experimental manipulation to probe the mechanisms linking DSP to SUD. Finally, the proposed study will have substantial impact: it may open up novel sleep/circadian-based avenues for prevention and treatment of SUD. !

项目总结 物质使用障碍(SODS)通常始于青春期。越来越多的证据表明，延迟的 睡眠阶段(DSP)可能会增加青少年物质使用(SU)和SUDS的风险。然而，确切的性质是 这种联系及其背后的机制仍不清楚。昼夜节律失调，一种晚期的不匹配 睡眠时间和早起上课时间是青少年SU升高的一个引人注目的潜在因素 具有合理的神经行为机制的数字信号处理器。我们假设与数字信号处理器相关的昼夜节律 错位降低了冲动控制力，增加了奖励敏感度，从而增加了SUD风险。这个 拟议的研究将首次(1)全面描述与以下方面有关的SUD风险概况 以及(2)探讨是否通过改变睡眠/昼夜节律的时间来降低SUD风险。这项研究 将评估已建立的SUD风险标记和可能的神经行为机制(冲动和 奖励敏感度)。具体地说，我们提出了一种全面的、多方法的方法来检查DSP的角色 在SUD风险方面，结合实验室、实验和纵向研究。我们将招募150名样本 十二年级学生(17-19岁/岁)，分为100个数字信号处理器和50个正常阶段的青少年。我们将重点关注大麻 和酒精的使用，因为它们在青少年中的普遍使用，以及与DSP的明显联系。这项实验室研究比较了 对一组DSP青少年和一组正常青少年进行行为和神经成像(FMRI) 任务开发冲动和奖励敏感度，以及昼夜节律阶段评估。在实验中 研究中，我们将探讨是否通过使用睡眠计划和睡眠时间来稳定DSP组的昼夜节律 时间疗法(例如，强光)可改善与SUD相关的睡眠和神经行为功能 风险。最后，我们包括每月重复跟踪评估睡眠和SU，以探索纵向 在高风险向青壮年过渡期间的关联。目标1(实验室研究)是比较 DSP组为正常时相组，观察睡眠/昼夜节律因素、神经行为标记物和SU。目标2 (实验研究)是为了探讨睡眠稳相手法对睡眠和昼夜节律的影响 节律以及SUD风险的神经行为标记物。探索性的纵向目标是！检查 重复月度评估中DSP特征与SU变化的前瞻性关系 在高风险的青壮年过渡期间。这项拟议的研究意义重大：它聚焦于一种生物学上的- 在发育期间，特定承诺的看似合理的和可改变的睡眠表型 数字信号处理器和学校规定的提前开学时间之间的不匹配是最严重的，总体上SUD风险正在飙升。 本研究的创新之处在于：(1)研究了几种对青少年有希望的神经行为途径 SUD，(2)它结合了相关结构的全面和客观测量，(3)它包括 实验操作，探索数字信号处理器与超音速数字信号处理器之间的联系机制。最后，拟议的研究将具有 重大影响：它可能为预防和治疗SUD开辟基于睡眠/昼夜节律的新途径。 好了！