Impact of mutation burden on cancer growth and the immune landscape
Impact of mutation burden on cancer growth and the immune landscape
批准号:
9914625
负责人:
Shridar Ganesan
金额:
$64.44万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2019
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2019-12-01 至 2024-11-30
关键词:
AddressAffectAnimal Cancer ModelAnimal ModelAntibodiesBypassCTLA4 geneCancer BurdenCancer ModelCancer PatientClinicClinicalClinical TrialsCombination immunotherapyCombined Modality TherapyDNA Polymerase IIIDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseDefectDevelopmentGenerationsGenetically Engineered MouseGenomeGoalsGrowthHandHumanImmuneImmune responseImmune systemImmunocompetentImmunotherapyInduced MutationKnowledgeLeadLinkLungMalignant NeoplasmsMalignant neoplasm of lungMalignant neoplasm of thyroidMinorityMismatch RepairMitochondriaModelingMusMutagenesisMutationNatureNuclearOncogene ActivationOncogenesOncogenicPatient-Focused OutcomesPatientsPeptidesPhenotypePhysiologicalPlayPolymerasePredispositionResistanceRoleSignal TransductionSkinSolid NeoplasmSomatic MutationSpecimenT-LymphocyteTestingTranslatingTumor ImmunityWild Type Mouseanti-tumor immune responsecancer therapycancer typecheckpoint therapydesignimmune activationimmune checkpointimmune checkpoint blockadeimmunogenicmelanomamitochondrial genomemouse modelneoantigensnonsynonymous mutationnovelpatient populationprogrammed cell death protein 1responsesuccesstargeted treatmenttreatment strategytumortumor growth
中文摘要
项目摘要/摘要:
--
免疫检查点阻断系统(ICB)使用的抗体可能会扰乱PD1基因或CTLA4基因的信号转导,从而导致更持久的免疫。
应对措施出现在种类繁多的人类癌症中。不幸的是,只有极少数的癌症患者能够获得临床治疗的好处。
来自ICB的研究表明,高度和非同义性的核基因突变和负担一直与罹患癌症的可能性增加密切相关。
对ICB的反应是这样的,这表明突变诱导的新抗原可能是与激活相关的肿瘤的基础。
尽管这一假设将突变和负担与多肽和新抗原联系起来是非常令人信服的。
它还没有完全得到验证。此外,基因突变和负担的增加并不总是决定对病毒的反应。
ICB表示,一些低突变的肿瘤,如甲状腺癌和癌症,显示出较好的反应。因此,中国在这方面存在巨大的差距。
我们对基本监管机制的了解决定了我们对ICB的回应。我们的假设是,这是一个很高的水平。
背景:体细胞基因突变是一种负担,通过引入DNA聚合酶中的基因突变,将不会改变这种情况。
对癌症的免疫是通过其躯干的存在来实现的,这是一种肿瘤和特异的新抗原。
对ICB的回应。我们将测试这一假说,并通过使用新的小鼠模型来破译其潜在的机制。
我们将通过以下几个具体目标来解决这一问题:第一个目标是:确定第二个免疫系统的性质。
对内源性和高核型突变的癌症的反应更容易在感染癌症的小鼠中自发产生负担。
对POLD1基因和POLD1基因突变进行种系校对,以及1名携带POLD1基因和POLD1基因的肿瘤患者。
突变。;;的目标是:确定一个如此高的核基因突变和负担如何影响癌基因驱动的未来增长速度。
本土癌症模型对免疫检查点和治疗的敏感性;;的目标3:确定是否需要校对。
Polg基因的突变和线粒体基因组突变的增加有助于建立一种更好的抗肿瘤和免疫力。
响应..目标4:确定如何将靶向治疗和免疫检查点治疗相结合。
由于存在较高的背景、突变和负担。为了更好地解决这些目标,我们将继续利用我们的鼠标模型。
它具有很高的遗传背景和突变率,是通过对NPOLE和POLD1中的突变进行种系校对而诱导产生的。
(对于核基因突变)和Polg(对于线粒体基因突变)。我们将不会比较特定的癌基因(BRAF)是如何发生的。
在皮肤和肺中,Kras和Kras(在肺中)会诱发肿瘤,无论是在野生型小鼠身上,还是在生殖系校对的小鼠身上。
聚合酶基因突变可能决定高背景基因突变比率如何改变肿瘤的生长、局部肿瘤和全身肿瘤。
免疫系统对靶向治疗方案和ICB的反应。我们的总体目标是更好地发展免疫系统。
了解突变和负担如何影响对实体瘤的免疫应答。建立强大的免疫模型。
突变是癌症的负担,也可以用来指导合理的组合、治疗和战略的发展模式。
也不能翻译成我们的诊所。
英文摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using antibodies that disrupt PD1 or CTLA4 signaling can lead to durable
responses in a wide variety of human cancers. Unfortunately, only a minority of patients obtain clinical benefit
from ICB. A high non-synonymous nuclear mutation burden has been correlated with increased likelihood of
response to ICB, suggesting that mutation induced neoantigens may underlie the tumor associated activation
of immune checkpoints. Although this hypothesis linking mutation burden to peptide neoantigens is compelling,
it has not been completely validated. Moreover, elevated mutation burden does not always dictate response to
ICB, with some low mutation tumors such as thyroid cancers showing responses. Thus, there are huge gaps in
our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms dictating response to ICB. We hypothesize that a high
background somatic mutation burden, through introduction of mutations in DNA polymerases, will alter the
immune landscape of cancers through the presence of truncal, tumor specific “neoantigens” that confer
response to ICB. We will test this hypothesis and decipher underlying mechanisms using novel mouse models,
This will be approached through the following specific aims: Aim 1: Determine the nature of the immune
response to cancers with endogenous high nuclear mutation burden arising spontaneously in mice harboring
germline proofreading mutations in Pold1 and Pole and patient tumors harboring POLE and POLD1
mutations.;; Aim 2: Determine how a high nuclear mutation burden affects the growth of oncogene-driven
autochthonous cancer models and sensitivity to immune checkpoint therapy;; Aim 3: Determine if proofreading
mutations in Polg and elevation of mitochondrial genome mutation burden contributes to an anti-tumor immune
response.. Aim 4: Determine how combining targeted therapy and immune checkpoint therapy are modulated
by presence of high background mutation burden. To address these aims, we will utilize mouse models in
which a high background mutation rate is induced through germline proofreading mutations in Pole and Pold1
(for nuclear mutations) and Polg (for mitochondrial mutations. We will compare how specific oncogenes (Braf
in skin and lung, and Kras in lung) induce tumors in either wild type mice or in mice with germline proofreading
polymerase mutations to determine how high background mutation rate alters tumor growth, local and systemic
immune response, and response to targeted therapy and ICB. Our overall goal is to develop a better
understanding of how mutation burden affects the immune response to solid tumors. Robust models of high
mutation burden cancers can be used to guide rational development of combination treatment strategies that
can be translated into the clinic.
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