Isolating and mitigating sequentially dependent perceptual errors in clinical visual search

项目摘要 当看X光片时，放射科医生通常被要求定位肿瘤（如果存在），并 分类，判断其大小，类别，位置等。重要的是，在这项任务中，放射科医生 每天检查成百上千的X光片，一个接一个地看几张照片， 其他.这项任务的一个主要的基本假设是，放射科医生的感知和决定， 目前的X射线是完全独立于以前的事件。最近的结果表明，这是不正确的： 我们的感知和决定都受到过去视觉经验的强烈影响。虽然串行 依赖关系被认为是一种有目的的机制，以实现我们的感知稳定性。 否则嘈杂的视觉输入，串行依赖性发挥了至关重要的和有害的作用，在日常生活中 放射科医生执行的任务。例如，包含肿瘤的X射线可被分类为良性 这取决于先前看到的X射线的内容。鉴于连环杀手的重要性和影响 临床任务中的依赖关系，在本提案中，我们计划（1）建立，（2）识别和（3）缓解 序列效应决定我们在肿瘤搜索任务中的感知和决策的条件。 在目标1中，我们将确定在四个不同的临床相关领域中存在系列效应： 肿瘤检测、肿瘤分类、肿瘤位置和识别速度。在目标2中，我们计划 确定视觉序列依赖性影响肿瘤搜索的特定边界条件 在放射科。在目标3中，一旦我们完全理解了目标2中的这些边界条件，我们将 提出了一系列的任务和刺激操纵，以控制和减轻的有害影响， 视觉序列依赖于肿瘤搜索。由于这些操作，视觉搜索 业绩应在可衡量的方面（探测、分类、定位、速度）得到改善。目标3是 尤其重要的是，它将使我们能够提出新的指导方针， X射线图像识别，使这项任务更加有效和可靠。总的来说， 目标1、2和3中提出的研究将使我们能够建立、识别和减轻有害的 放射性搜索任务中的序列依赖性效应，这可能对 世界各地患者的健康和福祉。 ! ! !

Project Summary When looking at an x-ray, radiologists are typically asked to localize a tumor (if present), and to classify it, judging its size, class, position and so on. Importantly, during this task, radiologists examine on a daily basis hundreds and hundreds of x-rays, seeing several images one after the other. A main underlying assumption of this task is that radiologists’ percepts and decisions on a current X-ray are completely independent of prior events. Recent results showed that this is not true: our perception and decisions are strongly biased by our past visual experience. Although serial dependencies were proposed to be a purposeful mechanism to achieve perceptual stability of our otherwise noisy visual input, serial dependencies play a crucial and deleterious role in the everyday task performed by radiologists. For example, an x-ray containing a tumor can be classified as benign depending on the content of the previously seen x-ray. Given the importance and the impact of serial dependencies in clinical tasks, in this proposal, we plan to (1) establish, (2) identify and (3) mitigate the conditions under which serial effects determine our percepts and decisions in tumor search tasks. In Aim 1, we will establish the presence of serial effects in four different clinically relevant domains: tumor detection, tumor classification, tumor position and recognition speed. In Aim 2, we plan to identify the specific boundary conditions under which visual serial dependence impacts tumor search in radiology. In Aim 3, once we will fully understand these boundary conditions in Aim 2, we will propose a series of task and stimulus manipulations to control and mitigate the deleterious effects of visual serial dependence on tumor search. As a result of these manipulations, visual search performance should improve in measurable ways (detection, classification, position, speed). Aim 3 is particularly crucial because it will allow us to propose new guidelines which will greatly improve tumor recognition in x-ray images, making this task even more effective and reliable. Taken together, the proposed studies in Aim 1, 2, and 3 will allow us to establish, identify, and mitigate the deleterious effect of serial dependencies in radiological search tasks, which could have a significant impact on the health and well-being of patients everywhere. ! ! !