Neural Basis of temporal decision making

时间决策的神经基础

• 批准号: 9922454
• 负责人: DAEYEOL LEE
• 金额: $ 8.02万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-02 至 2020-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9922454
• 关键词: Adaptive Behaviors; Anatomy; Animals; Area; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain; Choice Behavior; Clinical; Cognitive; Complex; Data; Decision Making; Diagnosis; Dimensions; Disease; Environment; Event; Foundations; Future; Goals; Human; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Knowledge; Lateral; Lead; Life; Medial; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Modeling; Monitor; Monkeys; Motor; Nature; Neurobiology; Outcome; Overweight; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Parkinson Disease; Patients; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Primates; Process; Property; Rewards; Role; Rubia; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Societies; Specificity; Substance abuse problem; Testing; Time; behavioral impairment; behavioral response; clinically significant; cost; design; discount; discounting; experimental study; flexibility; improved; insight; nervous system disorder; neuromechanism; novel; operation; premature; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; time interval; time use

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): All cognitive operations including perceptual and motor processes unfold in time, and actions lead to successful outcomes only when they are executed at appropriate times. However, controlling multiple actions and monitoring their outcomes over a relatively long temporal interval poses challenging computational problems for the brain. Moreover, the ability to utilize temporal information is impaired in various psychiatric and neurological disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Parkinson's disease, and substance abuse. Despite such broad theoretical and clinical significance, previous neurobiological studies on timing behavior and temporal decision-making have focused narrowly on the brain functions related to a single temporal interval or a unitary reward. The main goal of this proposal is to gain novel insights into the neural mechanisms capable of concurrently monitoring multiple temporal intervals and evaluating the value of multiple outcomes in a sequence. First, we will investigate the anatomical specificity of timing signals in the medial and lateral areas of the primate prefrontal cortex using a task that requires the animal to plan different actions according to two concurrent temporal intervals. We will test the hypothesis that the medial prefrontal cortex plays a special role in creating the internal timing signals from transient sensory events and transforming them into motor responses. Second, we will study the mechanism in the fronto-parietal network for integrating the values of multiple rewards in a sequence while the animal chooses between two separate temporally extended reward sequences. Specifically, we hypothesize that the flexible transformation of signals related to reward magnitude between the posterior parietal cortex and prefrontal cortex underlies the process of integrating the values of individual rewards into a single decision variable. The results from these two experiments will advance our knowledge about how the brain handles the timing information about multiple events efficiently, and lay the foundation for understanding the nature of clinical conditions with impaired abilities to process temporal information.

 描述（由申请人提供）：包括知觉和运动过程在内的所有认知操作都会及时展开，只有在适当的时间执行行动才能带来成功的结果。然而，在相对较长的时间间隔内控制多个动作并监控其结果给大脑带来了具有挑战性的计算问题。此外，在各种精神疾病中，利用时间信息的能力都受到损害。 以及神经系统疾病，包括注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD)、帕金森病和药物滥用。尽管具有如此广泛的理论和临床意义，但先前关于计时行为和时间决策的神经生物学研究仅集中于与单个时间间隔或单一奖励相关的大脑功能。该提案的主要目标是获得对能够同时监控多个时间间隔并评估序列中多个结果的价值的神经机制的新见解。首先，我们将使用一项任务来研究灵长类前额皮质内侧和外侧区域定时信号的解剖学特异性，该任务要求动物根据两个并发的时间间隔计划不同的动作。我们将检验这样的假设：内侧前额叶皮层在从瞬态感觉事件创建内部计时信号并将其转化为运动反应方面发挥着特殊作用。其次，我们将研究额顶叶网络中的机制，用于在动物在两个单独的时间扩展奖励序列之间进行选择时，将多个奖励的值整合到一个序列中。具体来说，我们假设后顶叶皮层和前额叶皮层之间与奖励幅度相关的信号的灵活转换是将个体奖励值整合到单个决策变量的过程的基础。这两个实验的结果将增进我们对大脑如何有效处理多个事件的时间信息的认识，并为理解处理时间信息能力受损的临床状况的本质奠定基础。